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What is Autonomy

Chapter 40
Handbook of Research on ICTs for Human-Centered Healthcare and Social Care Services
The capability of performing tasks without assistance from others.
Published in Chapter:
Enhancing Autonomy in Persons with Intellectual Impairments by Means of ICT Tools
Yolanda de la Fuente (University of Jaén, Spain), Eva Sotomayor (University of Jaén, Spain), Dolores Escarabajal (University of Jaén, Spain), Samuel Romero (University of Granada, Spain), and María del Carmen González (University of Granada, Spain)
Copyright: © 2013 |Pages: 21
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-3986-7.ch040
Abstract
This chapter presents an experience carried out in an occupational center from the south of Spain, in which a formal research was essayed related to the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) by persons with a variety of intellectual disabilities as a mean for increasing their autonomy in Activities of Daily Living (ADL). An accessible and friendly interface was designed to make the use of the computerized training program as easy and attractive as possible. The use of this program was monitored and the perception of changes in the execution of ADL was rated both by the supervisors at the occupational center and by the families or tutors of the subjects. The authors measured an increase of up to 10% in autonomy in some categories of ADL, proving the free online software they designed for the training program to be effective.
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Chapter 9
Social Media Support and the Need of Counselling From Experts in Autonomous Language Learning: Challenges and Strategies for the 21st Century
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Chapter 5
Creativity and Digital Games: A Study of Developing Creativity Through Digital Games
The social freedom to act as desired, without the need to follow orders or be watched.
Published in Chapter: Creativity and Digital Games: A Study of Developing Creativity Through Digital Games; From: Interactivity and the Future of the Human-Computer Interface
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Chapter 23
A Distributed Framework and Consensus Middle-Ware for Human Swarm Interaction
Is the degree of self-sufficiency of the robots without the need for continuous control of the human operator.
Published in Chapter: A Distributed Framework and Consensus Middle-Ware for Human Swarm Interaction; From: Handbook of Research on Design, Control, and Modeling of Swarm Robotics
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Chapter 11
From Resistance to Readiness: Leveraging Neuroscience Perspectives for Successful Change Management in the Manufacturing Sector
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Chapter 3
The Socratic Guide on My Side: The Epistemic Function of Learning and Our Need for Guides
Greek; literally, self-law or self-rule. The idea that people rule themselves and are not responsible to any others for what they do or what they decide is right or wrong.
Published in Chapter: The Socratic Guide on My Side: The Epistemic Function of Learning and Our Need for Guides; From: Self-Directed Learning and the Academic Evolution From Pedagogy to Andragogy
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Chapter 2
Perceptions of Middle School Teachers on Technology Integration
A person’s ability to initiate and complete tasks on their own.
Published in Chapter: Perceptions of Middle School Teachers on Technology Integration; From: Emerging Realities and the Future of Technology in the Classroom
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Chapter 9
Policy Approaches to Promote Women Entrepreneurship in India
Being empowered to make your own decisions without being influenced by others.
Published in Chapter: Policy Approaches to Promote Women Entrepreneurship in India; From: Sustainable and Responsible Entrepreneurship and Key Drivers of Performance
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Chapter 18
Investigation of Engagement and Participation of Students Completing Performance Tasks Individually and Cooperatively in Online Environments
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Chapter 3
Self-Leadership Is the Key to Remote Worker Success: Self-DisciplineWith a Purpose
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Chapter 12
The Vision of Freedom and the Potential of Blockchain
Refers to the ability or characteristic of self-determination and self-governance, where individuals or organizations can make decisions and act based on their own purposes and values. Those with autonomy can make decisions and take actions without relying on external constraints or directives, taking responsibility for themselves, thinking for themselves, and achieving self-improvement, growth, and evolution. It is a crucial element for the concept of freedom and an important concept that can also answer the question of why freedom is important.
Published in Chapter: The Vision of Freedom and the Potential of Blockchain; From: Government Response to Disruptive Innovation: Perspectives and Examinations
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Chapter 18
Globalized Physical Education Teaching Proposal for Five-Year-Olds Knowing the World Pirate
Capacity that guides the children toward their independence, the ability to act and think for themselves.
Published in Chapter: Globalized Physical Education Teaching Proposal for Five-Year-Olds Knowing the World Pirate; From: Physical Education Initiatives for Early Childhood Learners
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Chapter 21
Using a Connectedness Cycle to Create a Paradigm Shift in Work and Education
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Chapter 7
Well-Being and Home Environments
Being free to act as desired for one's own life and act in harmony with one's integrated self.
Published in Chapter: Well-Being and Home Environments; From: Well-Being Design and Frameworks for Interior Space
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Chapter 32
CTE Distance E-Learning Application: A Learner-Centered Approach
The concept of a learner’s responsibility to select the course of the learning process, also known as self-directed or independent.
Published in Chapter: CTE Distance E-Learning Application: A Learner-Centered Approach; From: Handbook of Research on E-Learning Applications for Career and Technical Education: Technologies for Vocational Training
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Chapter 5
Using Technology to Foster Creative and Critical Thinking in the Classroom
The ability to work independently established by making personal decisions, setting goals, and assessing progress or performance.
Published in Chapter: Using Technology to Foster Creative and Critical Thinking in the Classroom; From: Handbook of Research on Promoting Higher-Order Skills and Global Competencies in Life and Work
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Chapter 26
Burnout Prevention Through Professional Development: Academic Values Enacted Online
A psychological need fundamental to intrinsic motivation that involves being the initiator of actions and experiencing a sense of freedom when engaging in an activity.
Published in Chapter: Burnout Prevention Through Professional Development: Academic Values Enacted Online; From: Handbook of Research on Future of Work and Education: Implications for Curriculum Delivery and Work Design
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Chapter 10
Creating Synergy for Inter-Cultural Learning
The extent to which a leader allows subordinates to determine how to do their work. In an American context, the manager’s role is seen as that of an active pep-coach who delegates responsibility for task performance, monitors progress, and intervenes when necessary. In a Finnish context, the manager’s role is seen as that of a coordinator who oversees the whole project, assigns parts of the task to employees, and stays available should employees request assistance.
Published in Chapter: Creating Synergy for Inter-Cultural Learning; From: Handbook of Research on Electronic Collaboration and Organizational Synergy
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Chapter 13
Social Networking Sites and Critical Language Learning
For second language learners, autonomy has to do with the degree of independence that learners have from traditional teacher fronted classroom approaches and their ability to advance and progress as independent learners.
Published in Chapter: Social Networking Sites and Critical Language Learning; From: Handbook of Research on Web 2.0 and Second Language Learning
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Chapter 9
Erikson's Stages: The Impact COVID-19 Has Had on Childhood Develeopment
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Chapter 7
Teacher Identity, Growth Mindset, and Agency: Changing the Trajectory of Teacher Retention
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Chapter 14
Language Learner Engagement in Telecollaboration Environments
Freedom to learn any kind of content without the need for a teacher or traditional tuition methods.
Published in Chapter: Language Learner Engagement in Telecollaboration Environments; From: Handbook of Research on Fostering Student Engagement With Instructional Technology in Higher Education
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Chapter 8
Evaluating Mobile Instant Messaging for L2 Development: A Longitudinal Investigation
Freedom to learn any kind of content without the need for a teacher or traditional tuition methods.
Published in Chapter: Evaluating Mobile Instant Messaging for L2 Development: A Longitudinal Investigation; From: Assessing the Effectiveness of Virtual Technologies in Foreign and Second Language Instruction
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Chapter 14
The Impact of Digital Enterprise Transformation Strategies on Project Managers' Competencies
The smart actions of a system, using the knowledge gained from itself or its environment without any interference from the outside.
Published in Chapter: The Impact of Digital Enterprise Transformation Strategies on Project Managers' Competencies; From: Handbook of Research on Management and Strategies for Digital Enterprise Transformation
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Chapter 8
Ethical Benefits and Drawbacks of Digitally Informed Consent
The ability to make an independent, self-governing decision based on an individual's assessment of information or situation.
Published in Chapter: Ethical Benefits and Drawbacks of Digitally Informed Consent; From: Applied Ethics in a Digital World
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Chapter 11
Persons and Personalization on Digital Platforms: A Philosophical Perspective
The (idealized) capacity of a person to be self-lawgiving and self-determining in choosing one's ends or goals. A key precondition for informed consent, autonomy is freedom from both internal (e.g., addictions, false beliefs) and external forms of control (e.g., physical force, threat).
Published in Chapter: Persons and Personalization on Digital Platforms: A Philosophical Perspective; From: Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence and Its Place in Society
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Chapter 16
“Learning from One Another” eTwinning Project: A Model of an Intercultural Approach to Using ICT in Foreign Language Teaching
We refer to the ability to use the language to interact with their partners, to look for information and use it adequately without the support of the teacher.
Published in Chapter: “Learning from One Another” eTwinning Project: A Model of an Intercultural Approach to Using ICT in Foreign Language Teaching; From: Handbook of Research on Didactic Strategies and Technologies for Education: Incorporating Advancements
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Chapter 9
A Reflective Essay of a Conceptual Model for Self-Directed Learning for the Adult Learner
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Chapter 5
Co-Production of Leadership Activities: A Micro-Level Perspective on Human Interaction in Public Sector Organisations
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Chapter 116
Intelligent Agent Technology in Supply Chains
The ability of an agent to have some control over its actions and internal states without other agents’ intervention.
Published in Chapter: Intelligent Agent Technology in Supply Chains; From: Encyclopedia of Business Analytics and Optimization
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Chapter 8
Quality Assurance of Higher Education From the Glonacal Agency Heuristic: An Example From Vietnam
A value that is similar to independence by which organizations are able to decide on how they will operate and utilize resources.
Published in Chapter: Quality Assurance of Higher Education From the Glonacal Agency Heuristic: An Example From Vietnam; From: Global Perspectives on Quality Assurance and Accreditation in Higher Education Institutions
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Chapter 57
An Exploration of the Perceived Value of Information Technology Certification between Information Technology and Human Resources Professionals
The independence in thought and practice to apply knowledge within the full spectrum of an acceptably defined range of one’s profession.
Published in Chapter: An Exploration of the Perceived Value of Information Technology Certification between Information Technology and Human Resources Professionals; From: Encyclopedia of Human Resources Information Systems: Challenges in e-HRM
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Chapter 9
Improving Decision Support Systems and Disruptive Technology Adoption With Analytical Serious Games
The ability of machines (hardware and software) to perform independently for extended periods without external intervention and under significant uncertain conditions.
Published in Chapter: Improving Decision Support Systems and Disruptive Technology Adoption With Analytical Serious Games; From: Handbook of Research on Decision-Making Capabilities Improvement With Serious Games
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Chapter 32
A Comparison of Human and Computer Information Processing
The degree to which a subsystem can act from within itself rather than react based on its input. For a system to advance, its parts must specialize, which means only they know what they do, and when to act. If a master control mechanism directs subsystem action, its specialty knowledge must be duplicated in the control mechanism, as it must know when to invoke the subsystem. This defeats the point of specialization. For specialization to succeed, each part needs autonomy to act from its own nature
Published in Chapter: A Comparison of Human and Computer Information Processing; From: Encyclopedia of Multimedia Technology and Networking, Second Edition
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Chapter 28
The CALL Lab as a Facilitator for Autonomous Learning
A the capacity to take charge of one’s own learning, is seen as a natural product of the practice of self-directed learning, or learning in which the learners themselves determine the objectives, progress and evaluation of learning.
Published in Chapter: The CALL Lab as a Facilitator for Autonomous Learning; From: Handbook of Research on Computer-Enhanced Language Acquisition and Learning
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Chapter 4
The Influence of Self-Determination Theory on African American Males' Motivation
The desire regarding one’s choice – self-determination and self-direction.
Published in Chapter: The Influence of Self-Determination Theory on African American Males' Motivation; From: Overcoming Challenges and Creating Opportunity for African American Male Students
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Chapter 6
Skype-Based Tandem Language Learning and Web 2.0
In the context of tandem language learning, autonomy refers to the degree to which individual language learners assume responsibility for their own language learning and development. The emphasis placed on autonomy in this context is generally from the point of view of developing strategies to better support and facilitate autonomous learning.
Published in Chapter: Skype-Based Tandem Language Learning and Web 2.0; From: Handbook of Research on Web 2.0 and Second Language Learning
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Chapter 4
The Potential of Gaming to Ameliorate Human Factors in Information Security Compliance
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Chapter 30
Self-Directed Learning in Organizations and Institutes of Higher Learning: Implications on Technology, Practice, and Organizational Culture
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Chapter 5
Transitions in Student Motivation During a MUVE-Based Ecosystem Science Curriculum: An Evaluation of the Novelty Effect
A situation in which the learner is able to make his/her own choices within a learning activity.
Published in Chapter: Transitions in Student Motivation During a MUVE-Based Ecosystem Science Curriculum: An Evaluation of the Novelty Effect; From: Emerging Technologies in Virtual Learning Environments
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Chapter 21
ePortfolios as a Tool for Integrative Learning: Building Classroom Practices that Work
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Chapter 15
The Condition of Vulnerability in the Educational Context: Ethical Considerations and Juridical Perspectives
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Chapter 21
Science, Technocracy, and Artificial Intelligence: An Ethical-Juridical Reflection Prompted by the Current Pandemic
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Chapter 8
Autonomy and Empowerment for Middle Managers in Jamaican Local (Municipal) Authorities: A Positioning Strategy for Change Leadership/Management
concerns the regulation of behavior by the self, and, indeed, etymological it refers to self-regulation” (Ryan & Deci, 2017, p. 97).
Published in Chapter: Autonomy and Empowerment for Middle Managers in Jamaican Local (Municipal) Authorities: A Positioning Strategy for Change Leadership/Management; From: Handbook of Research on Activating Middle Executives’ Agency to Lead and Manage During Times of Crisis
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Chapter 32
Privacy, Contingency, Identity, and the Group
The quality of being able to ‘make law for oneself,’ thus implying that one has certain rights and liberty such that the state or other authorities cannot take away. In the context of this chapter autonomy usually is used to refer to the quality of an individual in so far as he or she is a rational being capable of rational judgment. An ‘autonomous moral agent’ is thus a being (not necessarily a human one) who is capable of judging what is right or wrong to act without having to rely on others to tell them.
Published in Chapter: Privacy, Contingency, Identity, and the Group; From: Handbook of Research on Technoethics
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Chapter 10
Grounding Organizations in the Minds of the Agents
‘Autonomy’ is a relational notion: X is autonomous from somebody else (Y) and as for something (O) (Castelfranchi, 1995a). Autonomous means that X doesn’t depends on Y as for (having/realizing) O; does not need Y for this. X can have or realize O by itself. An active entity can be autonomous on various dimensions and for various “resources” or “activities”: for example, for accessing information and data, for learning, for reasoning, for decision making, for abilities and skills, or for external material resources (money, a car, etc.). One might be autonomous as for a given O but not for another one. For example, X may be autonomous as for deciding but not as for the needed data, because she is blind; or, X may have the practical resources for doing action A, but not being able to do it, and she needs the help of Y for this.
Published in Chapter: Grounding Organizations in the Minds of the Agents; From: Handbook of Research on Multi-Agent Systems: Semantics and Dynamics of Organizational Models
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Chapter 12
Knowledge Between Scientific Method and Ritualistic Paradigms
View about reality in which man is seen as absolute and exclusively principle of existence.
Published in Chapter: Knowledge Between Scientific Method and Ritualistic Paradigms; From: Analyzing Paradigms Used in Education and Educational Psychology
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Chapter 5
“I Want to Be a Herpetologist!”: Using the Study of Reptiles and Amphibians to Engage Youth in STEM
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Chapter 4
Creating Virtual Learning Experiences Based on Engaging Interactions and Collaborative Work in Graduate Programs: A Cognitive Analysis
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Chapter 14
Emotion Generation Based on a Mismatch Theory of Emotions for Situated Agents
For a situated agent: freedom from human guidance during operation. Ability to adapt to variations of its environment without human action.
Published in Chapter: Emotion Generation Based on a Mismatch Theory of Emotions for Situated Agents; From: Handbook of Research on Synthetic Emotions and Sociable Robotics: New Applications in Affective Computing and Artificial Intelligence
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Chapter 2
Collaborative Learning and Concept Mapping for Language Teaching
ability to work independently, to be able to manage the learning process and to act thoughtfully when working on activities and exercises without anybody else’s help.
Published in Chapter: Collaborative Learning and Concept Mapping for Language Teaching; From: Handbook of Research on Collaborative Learning Using Concept Mapping
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Chapter 9
An Analysis of Privacy Language in the Scholarly Literature on Mental Health Apps
The right to self-governance and independence of thought. Freedom to choose for oneself and chart one’s future.
Published in Chapter: An Analysis of Privacy Language in the Scholarly Literature on Mental Health Apps; From: Privacy Concerns Surrounding Personal Information Sharing on Health and Fitness Mobile Apps
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Chapter 8
Empowerment Through Self-Advocacy: An Aspiring Counselor's Lived Experience
The right for an individual to make decisions for themselves and dictate the trajectory of their own life.
Published in Chapter: Empowerment Through Self-Advocacy: An Aspiring Counselor's Lived Experience; From: Perspectives and Considerations on Navigating the Mental Healthcare System
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Chapter 5
Machine Learning-Enabled Internet of Things Solution for Smart Agriculture Operations
A technology that can function without being told what to do. Examples are driverless tractors, cultivators, sprayers, and harvesters.
Published in Chapter: Machine Learning-Enabled Internet of Things Solution for Smart Agriculture Operations; From: Handbook of Research on Machine Learning-Enabled IoT for Smart Applications Across Industries
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Chapter 9
Informed Consent in Research Involving Human Subjects
a philosophical concept underlying the idea of informed consent, meaning the subject’s capacity to deliberate upon his situation and decide upon his/her own person based on the most complete and accurate information he/she could receive.
Published in Chapter: Informed Consent in Research Involving Human Subjects; From: Ethics in Research Practice and Innovation
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Chapter 46
The LOLA Strategy and E-Learning Knowledge Management
Autonomy is the ability to work independently to manage the learning process and to act thoughtfully when working on activities and exercises without anybody else’s help.
Published in Chapter: The LOLA Strategy and E-Learning Knowledge Management; From: Handbook of Research on Instructional Systems and Technology
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Chapter 30
Battery Efficiency in Outdoor Sports Environments for Mobile Pervasive Augmented Reality Systems
In a battery context is the period of time (in minutes or hours) a battery will last for at a specified load level. Autonomy can also be referred to as discharge time, or runtime.
Published in Chapter: Battery Efficiency in Outdoor Sports Environments for Mobile Pervasive Augmented Reality Systems; From: Handbook of Research on Sustainable Development Goals, Climate Change, and Digitalization
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Chapter 20
The Role of Affective Computing for Improving Situation Awareness in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Operations: A US Perspective
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Chapter 1
University Growth: Influence and Dispersion
Implies self-government and refers to the quality or state of being independent, accessible, and self-directed.
Published in Chapter: University Growth: Influence and Dispersion; From: Improving Higher Education Models Through International Comparative Analysis
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Chapter 13
Autonomous Agents Adopting Organizational Rules
Autonomy in the context of agents means that the agent has control over its internal state and over its behaviour. The first implies that the agent controls how external events influence its internal state. The second implies that the agent has a local decision-making process to decide on actions.
Published in Chapter: Autonomous Agents Adopting Organizational Rules; From: Handbook of Research on Multi-Agent Systems: Semantics and Dynamics of Organizational Models
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Chapter 8
The Significance of Job Satisfaction in Modern Organizations
The level of freedom and discretion allowed to an employee over his or her job.
Published in Chapter: The Significance of Job Satisfaction in Modern Organizations; From: Handbook of Research on Human Factors in Contemporary Workforce Development
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Chapter 25
Creating Disequilibrium: Building Confidence in Pre-Service Teachers Using Critically Engaging Constructivist Methods
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Chapter 14
Bank vs. Bond Finance: A Cultural View of Corporate Debt Financing
One pole of the Schwartz cultural dimension of Autonomy versus Embeddedness. Describes the extent to which personal interests and desires are pursued in a community. Can be split up further into Intellectual Autonomy and Affective Autonomy. Intellectual Autonomy encourages the pursuit of individual ideas, individual ways of thinking, and intellectual independence. Affective Autonomy relates to values expressing feelings or emotions such as enjoyment or excitement.
Published in Chapter: Bank vs. Bond Finance: A Cultural View of Corporate Debt Financing; From: Handbook of Research on Global Business Opportunities
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Chapter 2
Mindfulness in PK-12 Classrooms as a Means to Promote Emotion Regulation
Self-directed, ownership, and choice in one’s own work/learning.
Published in Chapter: Mindfulness in PK-12 Classrooms as a Means to Promote Emotion Regulation; From: Advancing Interpersonal Emotion Regulation and Social Regulation
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Chapter 221
The Infusion of Technology Within the Classroom Facilitates Students' Autonomy in Their Learning
The student is given many opportunity to make decisions thus taking control of his/her own learning. The students decides if to share his/her understanding or if to reflect and then comment on another student’s comment or if to disguise as two different users.
Published in Chapter: The Infusion of Technology Within the Classroom Facilitates Students' Autonomy in Their Learning; From: Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition
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Chapter 25
The Criticality of an ICT Ethics Backbone for Transformation and Social Equality in E-Learning
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Chapter 1
Designing Online MBA Programs to Promote Transformative Learning and Knowledge Creation through Project-Based Learning Using the Job Characteristics Model
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Chapter 4
Perception as Reality: Perceived Performance Impacts Expectancies, Values, and Self-Regulated Choices
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Chapter 702
Ethical Conflicts Regarding Technical Assistance Systems for the Elderly
a central concept for health care ethics in the spirit of individualization and liberalization. Autonomy literally means “self-governance,” which is both the state of being capable of exercising self-governance and also the right to be free to self-govern. The right for autonomy and the related desire for independence is often in tension with the principle of beneficence, as dependence on people and other external factors is an inevitable fact of human life, which is particularly relevant for caring contexts.
Published in Chapter: Ethical Conflicts Regarding Technical Assistance Systems for the Elderly; From: Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Third Edition
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Chapter 82
When Management Policies Collide: An Examination of How the Autonomous Intent of Charter School Laws Work with the Rigid Accountability of Idea
The independence from some of the state and local laws, mandates, at policies that traditional public schools must adhere.
Published in Chapter: When Management Policies Collide: An Examination of How the Autonomous Intent of Charter School Laws Work with the Rigid Accountability of Idea; From: Encyclopedia of Strategic Leadership and Management
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Chapter 9
Developing and Sustaining Employee Engagement: The Strategic Perspective in Telecom Company
It can be defined as the independence of employees within the workplace for making the choices among the alternatives to achieve the organization’s goals.
Published in Chapter: Developing and Sustaining Employee Engagement: The Strategic Perspective in Telecom Company; From: Management Techniques for Employee Engagement in Contemporary Organizations
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