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What is Pandemic

Innovative Strategic Planning and International Collaboration for the Mitigation of Global Crises
A large-scale epidemic that affects multiple continents at a given time.
Published in Chapter:
The Impact of the Spread of COVID-19 on Globalization: The Future of Globalization
Lenka Nigrinová (University College of Business in Prague, Czech Republic)
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-8339-5.ch011
Abstract
The text analyzes the changes in the process of globalization which have occurred in connection with the spread of COVID-19 and determines the possibilities for further development. It is based on the definition of globalization according to the OECD. Several years before the pandemic came, and globalization entered a phase of slowdown. It was called deglobalization. The main facts that caused this process were financial recession in 2008 and changes in USA and China economic relationship. The pandemic has weakened economic growth in many countries, reduced trade and travel, and introduced restrictive measures. The effects of a pandemic for individual states depend on the extent to which the states are connected in global production and trade networks. Three scenarios and their impact on globalization, trade, and the world economy are introduced.
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Precede: Proceed Model for Health Communication – An Analysis of COVID Coverage in Indian Newspapers
An epidemic, which crosses international borders, occurring worldwide and affecting a large number of people.
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COVID-19 and Its Impact on the Psychological Contract of Employers and Employees
The occurrence and prevalence of a contagious disease whose outbreak spreads globally.
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Outbreak Investigation: Epidemiology in Search of Communicable Diseases
It refers to epidemics that occur in multiple locations around the globe at the same time.
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Digital Mental Health Support for Students in Higher Institutions in Nigeria During Pandemics
A pandemic refers to an outbreak of a disease that spreads from the area it originated to other countries or continents, usually creating high fatalities and many other consequences. One of the most dangerous pandemics of the recent time is the Covid-19 which originated from Wuhan Province in China and spread to other parts of world, creating unprecedented pandemonium in all spheres of life, including prolong lockdowns that is still having consequences on people, including students.
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COVID-19 and the Livelihoods of the Migrant Workers: A Study in Rural West Bengal, India
It is an epidemic of an infectious disease which has spread over many regions and affects numerous individuals.
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Economic Impacts of the Pandemic on the Tourism of the Developing World: The Case of COVID-19
If an epidemic spreads to whole world or a large area by affecting many people across the world it is called “pandemic” (Oxford, 2008).
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Digital Transformation in Aviation Education: Post COVID-19
It is the worldwide spread of a new disease, a worldwide epidemic.
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Modeling Time-Varying Co-Movements Between Major Cryptocurrencies and Foreign Exchange Markets
A spread of a new infectious disease across a large region or worldwide and affecting a plenty number of individuals, e.g. the Covid-19 pandemic.
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COVID-19 and Intensive Care Management: A Comparative Analysis
A pandemic is a worldwide outbreak of a disease that affects a large number of people in multiple countries or regions. The Covid-19 pandemic is an example of a global pandemic that has affected millions of people worldwide and has had significant social and economic consequences.
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The Impact of COVID-19 on Stock Markets: A Comprehensive Literature Review
An epidemic occurring on a global basis affecting a substantial proportion of the world population.
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The Impact of Misinformation and Preferences of News Sources on Institutional Trust Perception in the COVID-19 Process
It is a term used for epidemics that spread in more than one country or continent around the world and affect a very wide area.
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Adaptation of Young People in Conditions of Self-Isolation in COVID-19 in the Perspectives of Educational Technologies and Sport Spirituality
An unusually strong epidemic that spread across countries and continents, covering the vast majority of the world.
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The Rise of Digital Transformation Within Businesses in the Pandemic
The umbrella term for epidemic illnesses that spread and affect a large geographic region in more than one continent throughout the world.
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Experiences of Educators in Imparting Digital Education and 21st Century Skills to Modern Students
An epidemic of an infectious disease that has spread across the world (e.g., Corona Virus, Spanish Flu).
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COVID-19 Being Positive Strategically in the Context of SDG and NDC
A pandemic is a form of an epidemic with a scale crossing international boundaries to affect persons across the globe killing substantial number of people being widespread and infectious, and currently spread COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) is a perfect example of pandemic.
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During and After COVID-19: Seafarers Onboard
Outbreak of disease (e.g., COVID-19) that spreads very quickly and affects people globally at the same time.
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eLearning Environments as Engaging Invitations to Elementary Age Learners: Parental Experiences and Understandings
This is an outbreak of a disease, a sickness, that covers a wide expanse of landscape, that may be within a specific area such as a city, or a larger space such as a state, a nation, or on a global level of outbreak.
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Lessons From COVID-19 Conferring Environmental Re-Engineering Opportunity
Is a disease outbreak that spreads across countries or continents that affects more people and takes more lives than an epidemic (Robinson, 2020).
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The Effects of the COVID-19 Outbreak on Social Service-Providing Organizations in the Migration Sector in Turkey and the Digital Measures
An epidemic of an infectious disease spreading across a large region or worldwide and affecting a substantial number of people.
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Clustering and Regression Analysis on COVID-19 in India Using Python
An epidemic of an infectious disease that has spread across a large region.
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Measuring the Effectiveness of Organizational Development Strategies During Unprecedented Times
Widespread occurrence of an infections virus or disease that affects a whole country or globally.
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Downfall of the Sports Industry Due to the Pandemic of COVID-19
An epidemic happening globally, going through the international borders and generally disturbing a huge number of public health.
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The Importance of Innovation in Social Work Institutions During Digital Transformation Processes
It is the common name given to epidemics that can spread to any country, continent, even the entire world and affect the entire area in which they spread.
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Social Justice Leadership for Co-Educating Refugee and Migrant Students in Greek Primary Schools Through Distance Education During COVID-19
An epidemic of an infectious disease which spreads over a wide area, usually affecting a very large number of people rapidly.
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Telemedicine in Pandemic Times
An outbreak of disease with high prevalence found across the globe or across a country.
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Ostracized Experiences of Precarious Women in the Academy During the COVID-19 Pandemic
A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease over a whole country or the world at a particular time.
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Challenges Experienced in Distance Education and Solution Suggestions During the COVID-19 Pandemic Period
Occurring over a wide geographic area (such as multiple countries or continents) and typically affecting a significant proportion of the population.
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Is the COVID-19 Pandemic Shifting the Social-Business Paradigm?
A pandemic is a health crisis resulting in social and economic instability, which means that all market players have to make the necessary adjustments to adjust such complicated conditions to ensure their future survival.
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What Happened in 2019?
A pandemic is an outbreak of a disease that occurs on a global scale, affecting a large number of people across multiple countries or continents. Pandemics can have significant social, economic, and public health implications (OpenAI, 2023 AU17: The in-text citation "OpenAI, 2023" is not in the reference list. Please correct the citation, add the reference to the list, or delete the citation. ).
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Migration Policy Challenges and Management: Georgian and European Approach
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The Role of Spiritual Communication and Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Disease existing in almost all of an area or in almost all of a group of people, animals, or plants.
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Communication During a Pandemic: An Analysis Through the Lenses of Brand Management Strategy
An infectious desease that spread globaly and reaches a high number of people in different countries and continents. The difference between pandemic and epidemic is the number of people affected.
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COVID-19 and Employee Psychological Distress: Building Mental Resilience
The spread of an infectious disease across large geographical regions or even the world.
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Preschool Teacher Evaluations of the Distance Education Process
The epidemic that appeared in China in November 2019, spread all over the world and still continues.
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Teleworking: The “New Normal” in Response to a Pandemic
A pandemic is the widespread transmission of an infection disease across a large area or region.
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An Ecosystem Approach to Human Resource Management: Dialogues in a COVID-19 Context
an outbreak of a disease that occurs over a wide geographic area (such as multiple countries or continents) and typically affects a significant proportion of the population.
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Training Company Self-Organization
This is an epidemic that is spreading around the world. It is spreading rapidly and has a long history of infectivity. The pandemic referred to in this paper concerns the year 2020.
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Precaution or Stigma?: Older Adults in the Turkish National Press During COVID-19 Pandemic
It is the spread of an infectious disease to a wide area in the world and affect a large number of people.
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Social Media and Health Communication
It is the general name given to epidemic diseases that spread and show their effects in a wide area in more than one country or continent in the world.
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Re-Inventing Student Services for Food-Insecure Students in an Online Environment
The outbreak of a disease throughout a very wide area that crosses across international borders.
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COVID-19 and the Mass Media: A Scenario of the Pandemic in India
Outbreak of an epidemic or diseases globally or to a large area that affect heavily.
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Travellers' Resilience to Major Travel Risks of Today: Global Terrorism and Pandemic Disease – Opportunities and Challenges for Small Tourism Businesses
An outbreak of a disease prevalent over the whole world or a wide geographic area (such as multiple countries or continents) and affecting a significant proportion of the global population.
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Cry Wolf!: A Historical Chronicle of COVID-19 Through Spanish Cartoons
A contagious disease that spreads rapidly across different continents and countries.
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Strategies and Tactics for OHS Management to Confront the Pandemic Crisis in the Hospitality Industry: The Case of Countries in Europe
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Using Artificial Intelligence Ethically and Responsibly: Best Practices in Higher Education
COVID 19 epidemic that forced the closing of all academic institutions for in class instruction. All course work was moved to the online environment.
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Rediscovering the Rural as a Tourist Destination in Pandemic Times: The Case of Portugal
Is an epidemic of an infectious disease that spreads among the population located in an extremely large geographical region, such as the entire planet.
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Libraries on the Global Health Crisis: COVID-19 Pandemic
An infection or illness spreading and crossing international boundaries in an epidemic manner.
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Analyzing the Global Economy in the Post-Pandemic Recovery: Is the Recovery Near or Not?
A pandemic is defined as “an epidemic occurring worldwide, or over a very wide area, crossing international boundaries and usually affecting a large number of people”. The classical definition includes nothing about population immunity, virology, or disease severity ( WHO, 2022d ).
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Economic Measures for Mitigation of the Consequences of COVID-19: Evidence From Serbia
An outbreak of a disease that occurs over a wide geographic area (such as multiple countries or continents) and typically affects a significant proportion of the population.
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Risk Communication and Social Media: COVID-19 Pandemic Planning and Response in Turkey
General expression given to epidemics that spread and show their effects in a wide area in more than one country or continent in the world.
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Setting the Aware Agenda of the COVID-19 Health Emergency: The Italian PAs Social Media Coverage
An epidemic that has spread over several countries/continents, usually affecting a large number of people.
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To Identify the Evolution of Tourism Practices in a Sensitive Way Through Documentary
The pandemic caused by the covid 19 crisis has changed tourism practices and shaken up the world.
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Regulated Sharing Economy in the New Normal
Is any deadly infectious disease reaching a “global” dimension that will affect the whole world.
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Caught in the Middle: The Leadership Experiences of a Higher Education Middle Leader During a Crisis
A deadly disease that has spread across the world that significantly affects various populations in different geographic locations.
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Agile Workforce a Post Pandemic Revival Plan for SMEs
It describes as a disease which is prevalent over a whole country or the world.
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Surviving Amid Crisis Episodes: The Case of Women-Owned Small Enterprises in Bangladesh
Epidemic of an infectious disease that spreads across geographic regions and continents.
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Interplay Consequences of COVID-19 on Global Environmental Sustainability
Is a disease outbreak that spreads across countries or continents that affects more people and takes more lives than an epidemic (Robinson, 2020).
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Play Specialist-Based Intervention in the COVID-19 Era: Crisis and Opportunities of Change – An Experience From Italy
A disease that spreads across the world (e.g., COVID-19), provoking global emergency, and government interventions. The term needs to be distinguished from epidemic, which refers to a disease spreading in a circumscribed community in a specific time range.
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Asset Mapping in Academic Libraries: Collaborating Across University and Library Departments
Epidemic disease spread over a very large area and affecting a large proportion of a population.
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Online Teaching and Learning Amidst COVID-19
It is an outbreak of a specific disease that impacts countries throughout the globe.
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A Dynamic Capability to Determine Business Performance in the Post-COVID-19 Era: Organizational Agility
It is the general name that defines epidemic diseases that spread and affect a very wide area in the world.
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The Economic Impacts of COVID-19 on the Tourism Global Value Chain
The “worldwide spread” of a new disease, it is defined as epidemic occurring on a scale which crosses international boundaries, usually affecting many people.
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Crisis Management: From a Stage of Shock to Reassurance in the Hospitality Industry
It refers to the Corona Virus Disease which commence its spread in 2019, globally.
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Role of School Management Teams in Planning of Curriculum Delivery During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic
A popular term refers to a rampant epidemic affecting a whole region, a continent, or the world due to a sensitive population, and a true Pandemic leads to a high death rate (death)
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Training and Upgrading Skills of Employees Towards Building Resilience Among the Workforce
A pandemic is an infectious disease that spreads across several continents or worldwide, affecting a significant number of individuals (e.g., COVID-19).
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Permanent Changes in the Tourism Industry: The case of Galicia, Spain
Epidemic disease that spreads to many countries or that attacks almost all individuals in a locality or region (Royal Spanish Academy, 2014 AU66: The in-text citation "Royal Spanish Academy, 2014" is not in the reference list. Please correct the citation, add the reference to the list, or delete the citation. ).
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The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Crisis on Doing E-Business in Industry 4.0
The highest degree of viral threat in which disease has spread throughout the world. For example, the COVID-19 pandemic, in which hundreds and thousands of people in all countries fall ill and die from a new coronavirus infection.
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The Dynamic Connectedness Between Global Macroeconomic Risks and International Stock Markets: A Diagonal BEKK Approach
A spread of a new infectious disease across a large region or worldwide and affecting a plenty number of individuals, e.g., the Covid-19 pandemic.
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The Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Tourism: A Qualitative Study
It refers to a global issue in which a disease quickly spreads across various countries, affecting a large area and a high number of individuals. The COVID-19 pandemic is the most recent pandemic the world faced which affected numerous countries and people all over the globe.
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COVID-19 Infodemic and Social Responsibility of Ukrainian Higher Education Institutions
A global epidemic that spread across the whole planet, covering the majority of the world population.
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Youth Entrepreneurship and SME Challenges: Namibia in the COVID-19 Scenario
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Analyzing IT Opportunities for Inclusive Digital Learning: The Largest Academic Project Ever Implemented During the COVID-19 Era
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COVID-19 Data and Environmental Perspectives: A Case From Georgia
A large-scale epidemic when a contagious disease spreads to a wide region, several countries of the world.
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Folklore as a Response to the Pandemic: Rumors About the Coronavirus
Epidemic disease that affects more than one continent and which is caused by community transmission.
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Multicultural and Educational Challenges in the Context of the 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic: Ghana and Kenya
An infectious disease with widespread infections across multiple locations, usually over different continents simultaneously over a period of time.
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The Destination Preferences of Foreign Tourists During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Attitudes Towards: Marmaris, Turkey
It is the general term given to epidemic diseases that spread and show affect a wider area involving multiple countries or continents in the world.
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Tourism, Terrorism, Morality, and Marketing: A Study of the Role of Reciprocity in Tourism Marketing
It is an epidemic disease spread across a large region or reaching the four continents.
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A Human Resource Management Practice on Working Remotely During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic: Redesigning the Office of the Future
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COVID-19 and Human Rights in a Fragile State: Guinea-Bissau
It is an epidemic of an infectious disease that spreads in a large geographical region, such as a continent or the entire planet. Only the WHO can declare that a disease is a pandemic. Other diseases that today would be or were pandemics: leprosy, plague, influenza, cholera, typhus, and HIV. Diseases such as Ebola would only be a be considered if they reached much larger geographical areas. Malaria is a disease widely spread all over the planet, but it is not infectious.
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Lifestyle Modifications Needed Post COVID-19 Infection
A pandemic is an infectious disease outbreak that has spread over a vast territory, such as several continents or globally, impacting a huge number of people.
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The Present and Future of Gastronomy Against Global Threats
It refers to contagious epidemic diseases that have spread throughout a large part of the world.
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Interventions and Practices to Mitigate COVID-19's Impact on SMEs
An increased and sustained propagation of an extraordinary infectious human disease that rapidly affects all parts of the world and a large part of the global population.
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The Impact of COVID-19 on the Tourism Industry: The Case of MSMEs in Barcelona
An epidemic occurring worldwide, or over a very wide area, crossing international boundaries and usually affecting a large number of people.
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Blended Mode of Teaching and Learning and Its Implication on Undergraduate Class Attendance: Students' Perspectives
This refers to an outbreak of a disease across a large area such as the COVID-19 disease.
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Analysis of Health Security Conditions in the Western Balkans: An Economic Perspective
An epidemic of an infection disease that is spreading across many countries and/or continents and affecting a significant number of people.
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Alternative Suggestion for the Sustainability of Tourism During Coronavirus Breakout
An epidemic that spread in more than one country or continent in the world and show their effect in a very wide geography.
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A Pandemic Avian Influenza Mathematical Model
Epidemic affecting a large proportion of a population over a wide geographical region.
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Self-Maintained Health Surveillance Artificial Intelligence Assistant
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Beyond Pandemic: Accelerating Artificial Intelligence and Financial Analytics
A disease that is prevalent over a whole country or throughout the world.
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An Evaluation of New Work Practices After the Pandemic: Crowdworking
A global epidemic that affects a large geographical area or a large part of the world.
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Social Reactions to the Pandemic: Rising Interest in Pandemic Movies
It is the general name given to epidemic diseases that spread and show their effects in a wide area in more than one country or continent in the world.
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Erikson's Stages: The Impact COVID-19 Has Had on Childhood Develeopment
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Transforming Assessment in Response to COVID-19
A pandemic is a severe outbreak of a disease occurring worldwide rapidly affecting a large number of people and takes more lives than an epidemic.
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Quantum Leap and Uptake for Technological Advances in Africa in the Era of the COVID-19 Crisis
is an epidemic of an infectious disease that has spread across a large region, multiple countries, continents, or even worldwide, affecting a substantial number of people. It is commonly used to describe the widespread and sustained impact of a contagious illness that exceeds what is typically expected in a specific geographic area.
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Creating the Intelligent Learning Space: Implementation of Education 4:0 for Remote Teaching During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Occurring over a wide geographic area (such as multiple countries or continents) and typically affecting a significant proportion of the population.
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An Extendable Functioning Waiting Room Solution for Online Education Platforms: The Beginning of an Online Efficiency Era
Epidemic of an infectious disease that spreads throughout more than one continent or worldwide.
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Testing Models of Data-Driven Reporting in Newspapers for Health Communication: Study Based on the COVID-19 Second Wave
It is an epidemic that occurred worldwide, that is crossing the international borders resulting in affecting a majority of the population.
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COVID-19 Recovery in Schools and Self-Care for Teachers
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Indigenous Peoples in the Midst of COVID-19: Populism and Nationalism as Impediments to Global Solidarity
Refers to an epidemic or disease that has spread from country to country affecting a large number of the population. In Greek, “pan” means “all” while “demos” means “people.”
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COVID-19 Digital Technology Response in Sub-Saharan African Countries
This is the widespread pandemic of an infectious disease. i.e., multiple continents or global spread have affected a large number of people.
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Quercetin for the Experimental Treatment of COVID-19
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COVID-19 and the Growth Mindset: Dangerous Opportunities
A global infection that spreads through air, water, or other transmission modes between people.
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Main Manifestations of the Psychological and Behavioural Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Populations: A synthesis study
An outbreak of a disease that occurs over a wide geographic area (such as multiple countries or continents) and typically affects a significant proportion of the population.
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Horse Entrepreneurs and Their Customers as Partners in Combating the Coronavirus Pandemic: A Preliminary Study of the Principal-Agent Relationship
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The Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Future of Aviation
A Pandemic is the worldwide spread of a new disease or virus. The World Health Organization (WHO) is responsible for declaring when a global influenza is occurring.
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Digitalising the Museum
Ongoing global pandemic caused by the COVID-19 corona virus.
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Emerging Roles of Libraries and Librarians During and Post COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges and Opportunities
In this chapter, pandemic refers to the infectious disease COVID-19. But ideally a pandemic is an epidemic or outbreak of an infectious disease that has spread across a large region, for instance multiple continents or worldwide, affecting a substantial number of people.
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Responding to COVID-19 for Information Delivery: A Case Study of Learning Resource Centre, Vignana Jyothi Institute of Management
Occurring over a wide geographic area (such as multiple countries or continents) and typically affecting a significant proportion of the population.
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Role of Training Transfer in the Aftermath of the COVID-19 Pandemic
A pandemic is defined as an epidemic of an infectious disease that spreads worldwide and impacts multiple continents (e.g., Spanish flu, SARS, COVID-19, etc.).
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The Role of Social Media on Dissemination of Information During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Social Media, Dissemination of Information, COVID-19
It can be expressed as the general name given to epidemic diseases that spread and show their effects in a wide area in more than one country or continent in the world.
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COVID-19 Threatening the SDGs: Short-Term Political Economy Scenarios
It is the name given by the World Health Organization after the coronavirus disease, which first appeared in China in 2019, was transmitted to the whole world. Covid-19, which caused mass deaths, workforce losses and fear, was initially effective at the regional level, but was named “epidemic” , and when it turned global in a short time, it was named “pandemic”.
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A Paradigm for Global Student Interactions Through Digital Technologies in a Post-COVID Era
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Application of the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior to Understand Holiday Purchase Intention During the COVID-19 Period
They are epidemic diseases that spread over a wide area in more than one country or continent in the world and show their effects.
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Mental Health and Employee Performance: A COVID-19-Based View
Pandemic refers to a global epidemic, pandemic spreads several countries at the same time and effects a large number of people.
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China's Coronavirus-Oriented Diplomacy in Nigeria: A Content Analysis of the Chinese Embassy's Online Communication
This is an outbreak of diseases that spreads globally, defying known health or medical solutions at the initial stage.
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General Awareness and Responses to COVID-19 Crisis: A Sentiment Analysis of Twitter Updates
An epidemic or disease occurring worldwide or over a very wide area while crossing international boundaries and affecting a large number of people.
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Post-Pandemic Global Inequalities: Causes and Measures
Pandemic refers to a disease outbreak that spreads across countries or continents which affects more people and takes more lives than an epidemic.
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Strategies for Critical Sector Development Post-Pandemic
A pandemic is basically a global epidemic -- an epidemic that spreads to more than one continent.
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The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Video Game Consumption in Turkey
Pandemic is the spread of a disease or infection in a very wide area such as countries, continents and even the whole world.
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Key Insights From Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT) and Beyond: Looking to the Future
Incidence of an infectious disease that has spread over a large area at a particular time.
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Health Risk Communication and Media
An epidemic occuring over a huge area, across the world, affecting a large number of population.
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Student Motivation in Online Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case of Bangladesh
Pandemic is an outbreak of an active infectious illness that can spread over a huge area and affect many people’s lives. It is a kind of global epidemic of high prevalence. Generally, the reasons behind the pandemic are the rapid spreading of infectious agents like bacteria or viruses.
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Comprehensive Analysis of the COVID-19 Pandemic's Impact on the Prevalence of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
A pandemic is an outbreak of a disease that occurs on a global scale, affecting a large proportion of the world's population. It typically arises from a novel infectious agent, such as a virus, with sustained human-to-human transmission. Pandemics can have profound social, economic, and public health impacts, often leading to widespread illness, hospitalizations, and fatalities.
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Leaders' Self-Care in Traumatic Times of Change
An infectious disease affecting a substantial number of people globally.
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Work/Family Interventions and COVID-19 Pandemic Remote Work Arrangements
A disease that spreads over the entire world killing millions of people. COVID-19 is an example of a pandemic.
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Development of Small Businesses During Economic Crises: Evidence From Indonesia
An epidemic of an infectious disease that has spread across a large region or worldwide, affecting a substantial number of people. A widespread endemic disease with a stable number of infected people is not a pandemic.
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SMEs and Entrepreneurship Development Determinants in Practice: Case of Uganda
An increased and sustained propagation of an extraordinary infectious human disease that rapidly affects all parts of the world and a large part of the global population.
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Future of Work Places: A Hybrid Approach
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Economic Impact of COVID-19: Challenges and Opportunities
It’s an infectious disease outbreak that spreads quickly across countries and/or continents. Its more severe than epidemic as it affects more people, larger area, and causes high mortality rate.
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Travelling for Healthcare: Future Challenges and Opportunities for India in the New Normal
A pandemic is defined as a new virus disease that spreads around the globe in many countries and continents, creating global public health emergency. The World health organsiation declared the novel coronavirus a pandemic on 11 th of March 2020. Examples of pandemic are H1N1 also known as swine flu (2009), SARS (2003) AU94: The in-text citation "SARS (2003)" is not in the reference list. Please correct the citation, add the reference to the list, or delete the citation. , H3N2 (1968) known as Avian flu, H2N2 (1957) also known as Asian flu.
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