Abstract
This chapter provides an in-depth analysis of the complex interplay between epistemology and gnoesology. This study reexamines Descartes' conception of conscience and delves into the concept of conscious conviviality, analyzing the individuals and entities that are impacted by and responsible for its implementation. The chapter also undertakes an exploration aimed at rejuvenating antiquated viewpoints. These discussions involve rigorous analysis of the intersections and conflicts between inquiries into knowledge and inquiries into the nature of knowing, providing valuable insights into the intricate relationship between knowledge, consciousness, and societal dynamics.
TopAgain, Descartes’ Conscience
The renowned proposition of Descartes, “Cogito, ergo sum,” holds significant importance in the realm of Western philosophy, as it succinctly captures the notion that the act of thinking serves as evidence for one's existence and establishes a fundamental basis for acquiring knowledge. Nevertheless, this assertion has encountered significant criticism from other philosophical perspectives. Critics contend that the argument exhibits circular reasoning by presupposing the very conclusion it seeks to establish, as it heavily relies on an individual's subjective experience. Moreover, it prioritizes rationality above alternative modes of knowledge, disregarding the importance of intuition, emotion, and lived experiences. The assertion is subject to criticism because of its emphasis on individuality, neglecting the influence of social and cultural factors in the formation of one's identity. Finally, it assumes a dichotomy between the mental and physical aspects, neglecting the inherent interdependence between conscious experience and corporeal being. The repudiation of Cartesian dualism constitutes a basic tenet within the framework of phenomenology. Nevertheless, the previous chapter highlighted the shortcomings of phenomenology in its insufficient engagement with the realms of politics and philosophy within the field of education. In addition to these criticisms, Descartes' thesis is regarded from a global standpoint. Scholars hailing from the Global South contend that the aforementioned perspective has a Eurocentric bias, as it tends to oversimplify the intricacies of human consciousness and overlooks the multifaceted cultural and historical influences that contribute to the formation of identity. The assertion places emphasis on the cognitive, logical self while downplaying the significance of emotions, interpersonal connections, and cultural factors. Furthermore, it maintains the concept of mind-body duality, which has been subject to debate among both philosophers and scientists. Critics hailing from the Global South argue that Descartes' philosophical framework exhibits Western exceptionalism, which has been employed as a means to rationalize and legitimize colonialist endeavors. Prominent scholars such as Achille Mbembe and Aníbal Quijano have posited the notion that it serves to sustain a narrative rooted in colonialism. Martin Heidegger, a prominent German philosopher, placed significant emphasis on the influence of language and culture in the formation of identity, as well as the significance of our interconnectedness with the external world. In doing so, he presented a critique of the prevailing individualistic viewpoint. Jean-Paul Sartre, a renowned French philosopher, espoused the perspective that the concept of self is a dynamic and ongoing progression, so offering a critique of the oversimplification of human identity through the use of a formulaic expression such as “I think, therefore I am.”
Key Terms in this Chapter
Gnoesology: Gnoseology is the philosophy of knowledge, a branch of philosophy that explores the nature, and origins, and Gnoesology, also known as epistemology, is a scholarly concept that pertains to the examination and exploration of knowledge or the theoretical framework surrounding knowledge. The term is frequently employed as a synonym for epistemology, with a primary emphasis on comprehending the essence and extent of knowledge.
Epistemology: Epistemology is part of Gnoseology and refers to the branch of philosophy that investigates the nature of knowledge, including its scope, sources, and limitations. Epistemology, as a discipline within philosophy, is primarily concerned with examining the fundamental aspects of human knowledge, including its nature, origins, and inherent limitations. This inquiry delves into inquiries pertaining to epistemology, encompassing the nature of knowledge, the means by which knowledge is obtained, and the processes involved in acquiring knowledge.
Revival of the Ancient: This concept entails the act of revisiting and rejuvenating past philosophical or intellectual ideas and perspectives. The process frequently involves revisiting previous theories or worldviews within the framework of current discussions and understandings.
Cartesian Conscience: In the context of René Descartes' philosophical framework, the concept of conscience holds significant importance. This concept encompasses the philosophical ideas and perspectives of René Descartes, a prominent intellectual figure of the Enlightenment period. His exploration of conscience delves into the moral and ethical dimensions of human behavior and decision-making.
Conscious Conviviality: The concept of ‘conscious conviviality’ refers to the state of being aware and intentional in fostering a harmonious and enjoyable social atmosphere. Conscious conviviality refers to the practice of engaging in social interaction and coexistence with mindfulness and awareness. This concept underscores the significance of individuals being mindful of their actions and the consequences they have on others, thereby cultivating harmonious and mutually advantageous relationships.
Study of Indigenous Gnoesology: The term “indigenous gnoesology” pertains to the knowledge systems and epistemological frameworks that are characteristic of indigenous or native cultures and communities. The statement acknowledges the existence of diverse cultural practices in the acquisition, organization, and transmission of knowledge. The field of indigenous epistemology places significant emphasis on the necessity of comprehending and valuing these multifaceted knowledge systems, which frequently exhibit profound associations with the environment, spirituality, and cultural legacy of indigenous communities. It presents a juxtaposition to conventional Western epistemological methodologies and emphasizes the significance of diverse viewpoints in understanding knowledge and truth.