Context in International Political Communication: Take on Media and Takeover by Media

Context in International Political Communication: Take on Media and Takeover by Media

DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-3808-1.ch003
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Abstract

The third chapter encompasses a wide variety of subjects related to media awareness and audience's conscious and subconscious perception of media. Discussed are the context layers of usually neglected types of media such as advertisement, music videos, and video games and their place in universal codes of media is established through articulated cases and industry status changes with the arrival of world wide web and other globalization tendencies. Additional cases represent importance of such second-tier media in international political communication, serving as a reason to dwell on political context in specialized media in general. The chapter serves as a gateway to all following chapters, crossing over in some of the represented cases and showing the interconnection of different layers in universal codes of media in international political communication.
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Introduction

There is a virtually untranslatable post-Soviet joke regarding DVD:

See it on DVD. Now see it on a vacuum cleaner.

There is no known way to translate that joke into English without making it looking surreal but joke, eventually, can be explained: in Ukrainian and Russian languages see, look, watch and stare are virtually almost always represented with one word. Such vocabulary problem makes for a funny joke in Russian and Ukrainian which is a spoof of a common tagline for movies on DVD, but looses discernible context as soon as it enters many other languages, including, as we’ve proven, English.

However whole notion that one might look at something that is not traditionally considered a media outlet and still see one is surprisingly popular in Ukrainian and Russian idioms, with a popular idiom heard from an every iron. Translation of that idiom is equally hard as the previous case as even when explained that iron in question is the one for pressing one’s clothes, idiom does not make much sense. Meaning behind the idiom is basically that of overwhelming media presence, usually used in the context of popular music, however used surprisingly often nowadays for politics and other figures of power, despite their media presence was, until recently, expected to be in each iron.

In spite of being invented when media hardly was at the stage of radio, the iron idiom works greatly to describe the abundance of media surrounding us every day, twenty-four hours, seven days a week, to a point that many people try to develop media diets.

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Background

Comedy often provides the sense indirectly, using objects as embodiments of situations, symbols of certain problems. Such types of communication are often called softened by specialists in different fields and one of the primary examples is found in a Japanese tradition of ikebana – bouquets of flowers, combined with certain systematical approach, served not only as a decoration, but also as an object of conversation which later moved on, swiftly or slowly, to other topics. Ikebana was crucial because Japanese culture does not tolerate well direct eye contact and so such was moved to a certain object of interest. In our everyday life we use softened communication to form stable social contacts – people tend to show each other objects of shared interest, which strengthens the communication and makes it all the more diverse. Sociologists of the late twentieth century theorized that mutual viewings of the movies fulfill essentially the same function. (Gorelov & Yengalychev, 1991, p. 99)

Age of social media had approached us in the second decade of twenty-first century and we have to deal with the fact that younger people know each other instantly, by reading small summaries of interests, provided by social networks. In many cases we don’t need crucial changes – professors will mostly naturally be older then the learners and so, importantly, they’re not only providing students with certain skills and knowledge of need. They’re also providing a cultural background, thus ensuring the stable progression of culture (on both national and international levels), which go on without major skips. Moreover, social networks are not working for everyone and, while they’re improving communications significantly in many aspects, in some aspects they also tend to decrease humankind’s crucial ability for social adaptation. Standardized profiles of social networks are likely to deceive into thinking that we know each other while in reality we barely familiarize ourselves with even own vague interests. Thus, inclusion of movies about social outcasts and rebellious individuals, dare to defy the system, (as exemplified by The Matrix) in the education processes may ensure that people educated will consider thinking ‘out of the box’. A quality, considered crucial for inventors, researchers, innovators or just effective, communicative people of their own age, who need to have qualities way beyond their competition to stay relevant in the global interdisciplinary world, rapidly approached by automation.

Key Terms in this Chapter

ASICS: Japanese multinational corporation which produces sports equipment designed for a wide range of sports. The name is an acronym for the Latin phrase anima sana in corpore sano (healthy soul in healthy body). Founded in 1949 by Kinachiro Onitsuka.

Acetate: Acetate ester of cellulose, first prepared in 1865. Used widely as a film base in photography it eventually saw decrease due to being extremely flammable.

Post-Soviet: Dated after the formation of the Soviet Union. Primarily used in the context of Post-Soviet states, previously annexed by Soviet Union: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan.

Celluloid: Compounds created from nitrocellulose and camphor, additionally also dyes and other ingredients. Invented first as Parkesine in 1856 and then Xylonite in 1869, celluloid became a foremost material for motion picture film fabrication before the introduction of acetate.

Virtual Reality (VR): Simulated (usually via technological advancements in digital technology, such as headsets) simulation of a real or fictional environment with or without a distinctive plot. Among other functions VR is used prominently in entertainment and (to a certain degree) education.

Al-Jazeera: (Arabic ??????? – ‘The Island’) State-owned broadcaster based in Doha, Quatar. Owned by Al-Jazeer Media Network, founded in 1996 by Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani.

Islam: (Arabic ???????, ‘submission [to God]’) Abrahamic monotheistic religion teaching that Muhammad is a messenger of God. It is the world's second-largest religion with 1.8 billion followers.

Talkie: Dated term for sound film. Derived from the fact that the talking was heard and it was considered a novelty in 1920’s.

Erotica: Works of art that show and/or describe sexual activity, and which are intended to arouse sexual feelings, sometimes in a larger system of emotional structure.

Anxiety: Feeling of uneasiness and worry, usually generalized and unfocused as an overreaction to a situation that is seen subjectively as menacing.

Media Diet: The sum of information and/or entertainment media taken in by an individual or group.

VHS: Video Home System, a format of videocassettes mass-marketed throughout late twentieth century, which quickly became the dominant video format before introduction of DVD in 1995. Introduced in Japan on September 9 th , 1976; August 23 rd , 1977 in the United States of America.

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