College Teachers
With regard to teachers, it is evident that college educators constitute a distinct cohort. In contrast to other societal cohorts, college teachers possess unique social roles, occupational characteristics, and psychological needs. The distinctive attributes of teachers are detailed in subsequent sections.
Psychological Crisis
The theory of crisis was initially introduced in 1944 by Lindemann(Lindemann, 1944), who formulated the notion of “pain work,” which served as a significant foundation for crisis intervention theory during that era. Subsequently, Lindemann's theory was expanded upon and refined, leading to the formulation and systematic exploration of the concept of psychological crisis. A psychological crisis occurs when an individual experiences distress or an imbalanced state.
According to the research findings of psychologist Glass (Glass & Wright, 1992), “a crisis refers to the harm inflicted by external stimuli or a forceful impact.” He defines a psychological crisis as “the combination of the immediate problem's difficulty, significance, and the resources available to address it.” Psychologist posited that “a psychological crisis manifests as a response when an individual is unable to cope with the current external or internal stressors using their customary methods or mechanisms for stress management.”
While there is no consensus within the academic community regarding a unified perspective on psychological crises, the aforementioned viewpoints share similar connotations. Psychological crises can be understood as a state of psychological imbalance that emerges alongside crisis events. When individuals or groups confront sudden or significant life adversities, their existing resources and coping mechanisms prove insufficient to address the resulting psychological imbalances. This state exhibits three key characteristics: psychological tension and confusion, short-term and transient duration, and an intractable predicament that lacks a more effective resolution.