Academic Entrepreneurship in CALL: A Significant Subject in the Era of Knowledge Economy

Background And Rationale

From time immemorial, humankind has faced many glaring social and environmental transformations that forced them to change and adapt to new ways of living. In addition to social and environmental changes, innovation and discovery also revealed new possibilities and avenues for an improved way of life. Likewise, today, the world is trekking through an era that has experienced historic critical economic adversities associated with large-scale global change pressures. For instance, rapid population growth, increase in the unemployment rate, extreme climatic changes, globalization, political instabilities, terrorism, pandemics, rise in general health concerns, and growing immigration concerns have kindled fear and uncertainty in the life of today’s world inhabitants (Kabir, 2019; Hadad, 2017; Steinmueller, 2002).

These challenges have enormously affected the current production cycle. Productivity has fallen remarkably, while the cost of production has been rapidly increasing (Hadad, 2017). As a result, the world market equilibrium (i.e., the ratio between quantity demanded and quantity supplied) has been tainted, leading to changes in labor-management policies (Steinmueller, 2002). Because of all this, the world can no longer operate in the same way, and the global economy and production can no longer depend solely on the direct exploitation of natural resources (Kabir, 2019; Hadad, 2017; Steinmueller, 2002).