What is Transnational Migrant Labor

International labor migration plays a key role in the South Indian state of Kerala, with repercussions for family formation, childcare, dating, and many other aspects of culture. This chapter focuses on how female labor migration affects male and female gender roles in Kerala with respect to religious activity. Female labor migration often results in enhanced personal power for women, giving them a greater say in how things are done in their families. But what about religion? How do women who have experienced expanded social possibilities through international work think about who they are as religious actors? Do expanded female roles in the home and the workplace translate into more expansive roles for women in religious spheres? And what about men? How have men dealt with the repercussions of female labor migration? With women taking on new social roles, what happens to traditional ideas about men and masculinity? Field work on a popular South India pilgrimage offers data to show how women and men in Kerala are adapting to changes wrought by female labor migration.