The Trafficking in Persons Report, produced annually since 2001, by the United States of America’s Department of State. The report places each country into one of three tiers based on the extent of their governments’ perceived efforts to comply with the “minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking” which is set out in Section 108 of the Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act 2000. Tier 1 are countries whose governments fully comply with the Trafficking Victims Protection Act’s (TVPA) minimum standards. Tier 2 are countries whose governments do not fully comply with the TVPA’s minimum standards, but are making significant efforts to bring themselves into compliance with those standards. Tier 2 Watch list are countries whose governments do not fully comply with the TVPA’s minimum standards, but are making significant efforts to bring themselves into compliance with those standards Tier 3 are countries whose governments do not fully comply with the minimum standards and are not making significant efforts to do so.
Published in Chapter:
New Kids on the Block: What Gender Economics and Palermo Tell Us about Trafficking in Human Beings
Carrie Pemberton Ford (University of the Free State, South Africa & Cambridge Centre for Applied Research in Human Trafficking, UK)
Copyright: © 2015
|Pages: 20
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-8611-3.ch009
Abstract
Like Gender Economics, Trafficking in persons has only recently emerged into academic consciousness and business environment concerns, as a discrete area of study with its own particular areas of legal, socio-anthropological and economic principles, in the first decades of this third millennium. New discourses raise fresh questions and they are legion. The ‘new kids' seek to make sense of challenging phenomena and outline the terms through which, Trafficking in persons it is to be articulated to the wider academy, public services, market institutions, and civil society. This chapter explicates the connectedness of critiques Gender Economics has been using on businesses, to see how Human Traffickers exploit people's bodies and their gendered realities. There is certain passivity towards the human, inbuilt in neo-liberal markets which commodify the whole of life. Those least able to protect themselves from the abusive ‘entrepreneurship' of traffickers are traded, with their gendered reality affecting prices and outcomes.