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What is Intellectual Disability

Chapter 25
Handbook of Research on Transnational Higher Education
a condition characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior which originates prior to 18 years of age. Previously, the term used to describe this disability was “mental retardation.”
Published in Chapter:
Trends and Challenges in Serving Students with Disabilities in Post-Secondary Education
Michael J. Roszkowski (La Salle University, USA), Scott Spreat (Woods Services, USA), MarySheila E. McDonald (La Salle University, USA), and Margot Soven (La Salle University, USA)
Copyright: © 2014 |Pages: 25
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-4458-8.ch025
Abstract
The present chapter provides a detailed insight into the challenges faced by higher education institutions across the globe in providing education to students with disabilities. The chapter examines the enrolment pattern of these learners and how this varies with the nature and kind of disabilities. It also identifies the factors that affect the academic success of these learners and suggests measures that can enhance enrollment of learners with special needs.
Full Text Chapter Download: US $37.50 Add to Cart
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Chapter 4
Biochemistry of the Brain
It is also known as general learning disability and mental retardation. It is a generalized neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significantly impaired intellectual and adaptive functioning.
Published in Chapter: Biochemistry of the Brain; From: Examining Biological Foundations of Human Behavior
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Chapter 6
Stress and Resilience in Parents of Intellectually Disabled Children
Deficiency in intelligence that makes an individual disabled to function normally in his or her life.
Published in Chapter: Stress and Resilience in Parents of Intellectually Disabled Children; From: Handbook of Research on Diagnosing, Treating, and Managing Intellectual Disabilities
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Chapter 10
Development of Avatar-Based Models and Tools for People With Intellectual Disabilities: As an Innovation System in Digital Era
Intellectual functioning that is significantly below average and adversely affects a student’s educational performance and achievement.
Published in Chapter: Development of Avatar-Based Models and Tools for People With Intellectual Disabilities: As an Innovation System in Digital Era; From: Avatar-Based Models, Tools, and Innovation in the Digital Economy
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Chapter 2
The Management of Cancer and Depression in People With Intellectual Disabilities: Overcoming Barriers to Improve Care
It is a generalized disorder that presents significant impairment on cognition and deficits of two or more adaptive behaviours.
Published in Chapter: The Management of Cancer and Depression in People With Intellectual Disabilities: Overcoming Barriers to Improve Care; From: Combining Exercise and Psychotherapy to Treat Mental Health
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Chapter 14
Reflecting on Crime and Legal Issues in People With Intellectual Disabilities: Theory, Perspectives, and Future Approaches
A new term used for disability characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and non-adaptive behavior, which covers many everyday social and practical skills and refers to individuals who are under 18 years of age. Intellectual disability has replaced the term mental retardation.
Published in Chapter: Reflecting on Crime and Legal Issues in People With Intellectual Disabilities: Theory, Perspectives, and Future Approaches; From: Developmental Challenges and Societal Issues for Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities
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Chapter 2
Mental Health Challenges in Children With Intellectual Disabilities
A disability characterized by significantly impaired intellectual and adaptive functioning, formerly known as mental retardation.
Published in Chapter: Mental Health Challenges in Children With Intellectual Disabilities; From: Developmental Challenges and Societal Issues for Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities
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Chapter 11
Use of Humanoid Robots for Students With Intellectual Disabilities
A condition that indicates having below-average general intellectual function and lacking the skills related to independent daily living.
Published in Chapter: Use of Humanoid Robots for Students With Intellectual Disabilities; From: Educational Technology and the New World of Persistent Learning
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Chapter 8
Mobile Application to Exercise Oral Language From a Systems Approach
When a person learns and develops more slowly than other people of the same age, which manifested in the fact that they may need more time to learn to talk, walk, dress or eat without help and of course they have learning problems in school.
Published in Chapter: Mobile Application to Exercise Oral Language From a Systems Approach; From: Mobile Learning Applications in Early Childhood Education
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Chapter 2
Theory and Implementation of Inclusion: Barriers and Resources
A disorder that results in a significantly lower intelligence quotient score, slowing the learning process and often presenting a need for life skills used for daily functioning to be taught directly instead of indirectly learned at appropriate ages.
Published in Chapter: Theory and Implementation of Inclusion: Barriers and Resources; From: Cultivating Inclusive Practices in Contemporary K-12 Education
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Chapter 7
Obesity Levels of Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities: Prediction for Intervention
It is a disability characterized by impaired intellectual and adaptive functioning.
Published in Chapter: Obesity Levels of Individuals With Intellectual Disabilities: Prediction for Intervention; From: Impact and Role of Digital Technologies in Adolescent Lives
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Chapter 5
The Stress and Adjustment in the Family of Intellectually Disabled Children
Refers to a disability, featured by marked deficient intelligence & social adaptability, manifested during developmental period.
Published in Chapter: The Stress and Adjustment in the Family of Intellectually Disabled Children; From: Handbook of Research on Diagnosing, Treating, and Managing Intellectual Disabilities
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Chapter 11
Benefits and Risks Associated With Use of Social Media by People With Health Issues: Focusing on Mental Illness, HIV/AIDS, Cancer, Intellectual Disability, and Diabetes
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Chapter 2
Mind the Gap: Developmental Vulnerability and Mental Health
A disability characterised by significantly impaired intellectual and adaptive functioning, formerly known as Mental Retardation.
Published in Chapter: Mind the Gap: Developmental Vulnerability and Mental Health; From: Handbook of Research on Diagnosing, Treating, and Managing Intellectual Disabilities
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Chapter 13
Intellectual Disability, Identity, and the Internet
People who transgress culturally defined ‘typical’ intellectual functioning. Diagnostically this involves having an IQ below 70, functional deficits in activities of daily living and onset prior to the age of 18.
Published in Chapter: Intellectual Disability, Identity, and the Internet; From: Handbook of Research on Technoself: Identity in a Technological Society
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Chapter 11
Behavioral Approach to Speech, Language, Hearing, and Communication Disorders
A new term for mental retardation that reflects a condition of significant limitations in cognitive functioning and in adaptive behavior.
Published in Chapter: Behavioral Approach to Speech, Language, Hearing, and Communication Disorders; From: Handbook of Research on Psychosocial Perspectives of Human Communication Disorders
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Chapter 11
Time for a Change: Designing a Mobile Application to Assist People With Intellectual Disabilities
A significant limitation in mental functioning and adaptive behavior as expressed in conceptual, social, and practical skills.
Published in Chapter: Time for a Change: Designing a Mobile Application to Assist People With Intellectual Disabilities; From: Mobile Technologies in Educational Organizations
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Chapter 18
Crime and Legal Issues among Intellectually Disabled Individuals
A new term used for disability characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and inadaptive behavior, which covers many everyday social and practical skills and refers to individuals who are under 18 years of age. Intellectual Disability has replaced the term mental retardation.
Published in Chapter: Crime and Legal Issues among Intellectually Disabled Individuals; From: Handbook of Research on Diagnosing, Treating, and Managing Intellectual Disabilities
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Chapter 5
Neurodevelopmental Disorders From a Clinical Linguistics Perspective
This is one of the major neurodevelopmental disorders which are characterized by significantly impaired mental functioning. They show significant deficits in mental abilities, social skills, and adaptive functioning. These individuals may score less than 70 across a range of IQ tests.
Published in Chapter: Neurodevelopmental Disorders From a Clinical Linguistics Perspective; From: Emerging Trends in the Diagnosis and Intervention of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
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Chapter 8
Redesigning Deficit-Laden Assessments for Neurodivergent Students
Significantly sub-average general intellectual functioning, existing concurrently (at the same time) with deficits in adaptive behavior and manifested during the developmental period, that adversely affects a child’s educational performance.
Published in Chapter: Redesigning Deficit-Laden Assessments for Neurodivergent Students; From: Handbook of Research on Challenging Deficit Thinking for Exceptional Education Improvement
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Chapter 3
Intervention Services for a Child With Multiple Disabilities
A significant limitation in an individual’s adaptive behavior and intellectual functioning that originates before 18 years of age.
Published in Chapter: Intervention Services for a Child With Multiple Disabilities; From: Cases on Communication Disorders in Culturally Diverse Populations
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