What is Dual Model

Critical thinking is an essential skill in education and daily decision making. Research shows, however, that human brains are not designed to engage in complex cognitive processes such as critical thinking. Social intuition theorists propose that most people make fast and intuitive judgment for a given situation, then conduct post-hoc reasoning to support one's intuitive decision. Very few people engage in reasoned judgment and reflection, which are key elements of critical thinking. The chapter will examine what critical thinking is, its key features, a closely-related concept information literacy, and challenges of teaching critical thinking skills through the lens of social intuition theory. Advances in cognitive psychology are reviewed to help understand how the brain works, the challenges of engaging in critical thinking, and identify relevant strategies accordingly. The chapter will also include suggested strategies in education to improve critical thinking skills.