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What is Agent

Handbook of Research on ICTs and Management Systems for Improving Efficiency in Healthcare and Social Care
A representation of an individual, a vehicle or a machine in simulation. Each agent has unique characteristics, and during a simulation, each agent behaves independently, based on a behavioral model.
Published in Chapter:
Potential of GIS and Spatial Knowledge in Health Care and Public Safety
Eilon Blanc (Tel Aviv University, Israel) and Iris Reychav (Ariel University Center, Israel)
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-4666-3990-4.ch038
Abstract
Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are a relatively new tool in health care services and organizations. However, health-care professionals who know how to utilize GIS and other spatial tools get a powerful decision support tool. This chapter presents an overview of the GIS and spatial simulation in the health care environment. In the first section, an introduction to the situation is provided. Then, in the second section, the key terms are introduced: access in health care, GIS, and spatial simulation. In the third section, different cases where GIS supports decision making in the health care services are shown. In the fourth section, two examples of spatial simulation are shown. Finally, future research directions and conclusions are discussed.
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Potential of GIS and Spatial Knowledge in Health Care and Public Safety
A representation of an individual, a vehicle or a machine in simulation. Each agent has unique characteristics, and during a simulation, each agent behaves independently, based on a behavioral model.
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Application of Fuzzy User's Profile for Mining Reusable E-Learning Repositories on Web through Lightweight Mobile Agent
An Agent is a computational entity that acts on behalf of other entities in an autonomous fashion; and exhibits properties like learning, cooperation, and mobility to a certain extent.
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Designing for Trust
Collective name of a human or technical entity that takes active part in the information flow and in relationships of trust.
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Agent-Based Negotiation in E-Marketing
A system that is capable of perceiving events in its environment, or representing information about the current state of affairs and of acting in its environment guided by perceptions and stored information (current definition by AOIS, agent oriented information system community).
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A Logic Programming Perspective on Rules
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Bayesian Agent Adaptation in Complex Dynamic Systems
An agent receives input from the environment through its sensors and interacts with the environment to try and achieve some goal.
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Learning With Avatars: Exploring Mixed Reality Simulations for Next-Generation Teaching and Learning
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Prospects for E-Collaboration with Artificial Partners
a software entity situated in an environment and capable of acting to change the environment.
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Intelligent Software Agents Analysis in E-Commerce I
A computer system situated in some environment that is capable of autonomous action in this environment to meets its design objective.
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Agent-Facilitated Virtual Marketplace for Airline Ticketing
A piece of software, which acts to accomplish tasks on behalf of its user.
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Integrity Protection of Mobile Agent Data
An agent is a piece of software that acts to accomplish tasks on behalf of its user.
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Distributed Constraint Reasoning
A participant in a distributed computation, having its own constraints.
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Support of Online Learning through Intelligent Programs
A convenient metaphor for building software to interact with the range and diversity of online resources is that of an agent. An agent is a program that performs some task on your behalf. You expect an agent to act even if all the details are not specified or if the situation changes. You expect an agent to communicate effectively with other agents. Using agents adds a layer of abstraction that localizes decisions about dealing with local peculiarities of format, knowledge conventions, and so forth, and thus helps to understand and manage complexity.
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Artifacts for Collaborative Software Development
A model entity that is able to perform roles and hence to carry out activities. An agent may be human, automated, or some combination of both.
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Concept of an Agent-Based Electronic Marketplace
A software entity which can perform tasks autonomously, capable of making independent decisions, and taking actions to satisfy internal goals based upon its perceived environment.
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Designing Automated Learning for Effective Training and Skills Development
A software program scripted to perform particular actions. An “intelligent agent” is a software agent that interacts with other agents within the context of an immersive environment, based on scripted characteristics. An intelligent agent may interact with human users, too. A “pedagogical agent” interacts to promote learning.
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The Role of Educators as Agents and Conveyors for Positive Change in Global Education in Egyptian Universities
An agent in legal terminology is a person who has been legally authorized to act on behalf of another person or entity. An agent may be appointed to represent the client in negotiations and other transactions with third parties. The agent may be given decision-making authority.
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Computer Mediated Learning: Applying Burke's Pentad
The individual undertaking an act in a scene, one of the Pentadic elements.
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ExtraPlanT as a Multi-Agent System for Extra-Enterprise Collaboration
Autonomous software or hardware entity loosely coupled into a multi-agent system. Operation of an agent-based system is based on collaborative (or sometimes self-interested) interactions of agents.
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Communications for Agent-Based Human Team Support
An agent is a system that maintains a computational model of goal-directed and adaptive behavior. For the purposes of this chapter, we use agent to specifically refer to software systems.
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Computer Agent Technologies in Collaborative Learning and Assessment
Either a human or a computer-simulated participant in a collaborative problem solving group.
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Network of Intelligent Agents
The entity to decide the task, find the resource and generate the action to obtain the task.
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Beyond Citizen Participation in Planning: Multi-Agent Systems for Complex Decision-Making
Human or artificial (or hybrid) element involved and acting in planning or decision-making exercises.
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Revision of the Bullwhip Effect
An agent is anything that can perceive its environment through sensors and act on environment through effectors... An ideal rational agent performs a sequence of actions (life output history) which maximizes the expected and performs measure given evidence of the percept sequence and built-in knowledge... additional vital trait: autonomy, ability to learn.
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Multi-Agent Simulation and Management Practices
The word agent has many meanings in operational research. In our work, an agent refers to a single entity that will be simulated, that is, one sales staff, one manager, or one customer. Agents are modelled through state charts, describing how, when, and why they can change their behaviour.
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Intelligent Fuzzy Database Management Systems
It is a system that fulfills the independent functions, perceives the outer world, and establishes the linking among the agents through its software.
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E-Scheduling
Software that works toward goals in a dynamic environment on behalf of another entity (human or computational) without continuous direct supervision or control and exhibits a significant degree of flexibility and even creativity in how it seeks to transform goals into tasks.
Published in Chapter: E-Scheduling; From: Encyclopedia of E-Collaboration
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Multi-Disciplinary Paths to Actor-Centric Non-Player Character Emotion Models
(In software development) An artificially intelligent software object that can monitor a program’s state and execute commands autonomously to achieve those goals. (In literary and performance theory) an object or being that appears to behave with an intention to achieve a goal. Actions taken toward goal attainment foreground the agency of the object or being.
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Emotional Context? Or Contextual Emotions?
Individual that experiences the actions, interacts with the elements and is affected by the interrelations of the context.
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Autonomous Agents Adopting Organizational Rules
An agent is autonomous entity that actively pursues its goals and is able to interact with others.
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Roaming-Agent Protection for E-Commerce
An agent is a piece of software that acts to accomplish tasks on behalf of its user.
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Galois Lattice Quantum Model for NVOs
An organism (e.g., human), artificial agent (robot), or computational virtual object capable of interacting socially with other agents to solve problems that cannot be addressed in isolation (e.g., manufacturing).
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A Fuzzy Multi-Agent System for Combinatorial Optimization
A computer system capable of flexible autonomous action in dynamic, unpredictable and open environment. An autonomous entity capable of executing tasks either by themselves or by collaborating with other agents (Luck et al., 2003; Mas, 2005).
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Formal Development of Reactive Agent-Based Systems
An agent is an encapsulated computer system that is situated in some environment and that is capable of flexible, autonomous action in that environment in order to meet its design objectives. Agents normally exhibit autonomous, reactive, proactive, and social behaviors.
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Designing Agents with Negotiation Capabilities
A program designed to provide specialized and well-defined services. An agent can be static – executing on the computer where it was installed, or mobile – executing on computer nodes in a network.
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Integrated Multi-Agent-Based eLearning System as a Strategy to Promote Access to Higher Education in Africa
Component of software or hardware which is capable of acting exactingly in order to accomplish tasks on behalf of its user. Examples will include software such as Internet Search Engines, Robots, etc. (Nwana, 1996) AU105: The in-text citation "Nwana (1996)" is not in the reference list. Please correct the citation, add the reference to the list, or delete the citation. .
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The Agent Object Relationship Simulation as a Business Process
Entity perceiving the environment through sensors and acting upon that environment through effectors
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Diffusion of Computers in Schools
One that acts or has the power or authority to act.
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Early Detection and Recovery Measures for Smart Grid Cyber-Resilience
It is part of a software (most generally a SIEM tool) and consists of a program installed at the host machine to execute the following tasks: Event filtering, event aggregation, normalization of aggregated events, sending the results to the central management software (the SIEM tool) for further inspection.
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Agent-Oriented Software Engineering
An autonomous entity situated in an environment that is capable of perceiving the environment and acting on the environment.
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The Role of Information in Decision Making
Agent is a person that acts on behalf of a principal.
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Grounding Organizations in the Minds of the Agents
Autonomous proactive (purposive) entities. “Agents” - as defined in MAS - are autonomous entities: there is not a fully centralized processing; they have local independent information and results, and, sometimes, independent learning or reasoning; they have some pro-activity (Wooldridge and Jennings, 1995); they are regulated by internal representations (sometimes strictly ‘purposive’ ones, like in BDI Agents); they have their own powers (skills, but possibly also resources like data). The most qualifying and advanced form of autonomy and of agency obviously is autonomy in goals: when an agent has its own independent motives, and will pursue our objectives only if there is some reason and advantage for doing so (self-motivated).
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Applying CI in Biology through PSO
An agent is something that acts in an environment.
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Logical Modeling of Emotions for Ambient Intelligence
Autonomous entity that is able to perceive its environment, reason about it, maintain personal goals, plan appropriate ways to achieve them, and act accordingly to modify in turn its environment. Some agents are also able to communicate with other artificial agents or with humans, or to express and understand emotions.
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Modular Rule-Based Promgramming in 2APL
An agent is a computational system that is situated in some dynamic environment and can autonomously decide which actions to perform in order to achieve its objectives.
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Possibilities of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments in Educational Institutions
As defined in artificial intelligence literature is anything that can be viewed as perceiving its environment through sensors and acting upon the environment through actuators. Some authors extend the definition of agent by enumerating required features of agent such as mobility, correctness, reactivity and pro-activity, goal-orientation, adaptability, robustness, benevolence, sociability, ability to communicate with other agents etc.
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Intelligent Query Answering Mechanism in Multi Agent Systems
A system that fulfils the independent functions, perceives the outer world and establishes the linking among the agents through its software
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ProPlanT as a Multi-Agent Technology for Decision-Making Support
Autonomous software or hardware entity loosely coupled into a multi-agent system. Operation of an agent-based system is based on collaborative (or sometimes self-interested) interactions of agents.
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Modeling and Programming by Commitment Rules in Agent Factory
An autonomous software and/or hardware entity that is situated in some environment, and which is capable of both reacting to changes in that environment and taking the initiative.
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Synthetic Biology as a Proof of Systems Biology
A computing system with a well defined interface capable of adaptive problem-solving actions without user intervention.
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A Quantum Real-Time Metric for NVOs
An organism (e.g., human), artificial agent (robot), or computational virtual object capable of interacting socially with other agents to solve problems that cannot be addressed in isolation (e.g., manufacturing).
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The Evolution of Intermediaries in E-Commerce
Anyone who is assigned a task on behalf of another.
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Nature-Inspired Cooperative Strategies for Optimization
A computer system capable of flexible autonomous action in dynamic, unpredictable, and open environment. An autonomous entity capable of executing tasks either by itself or by collaborating with other agents (Luck, 2003; Mas, 2005).
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Intelligent Software Agents Analysis in E-Commerce II
A computer system situated in some environment that is capable of autonomous action in this environment to meets its design objective.
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An Agent-Based Approach to Designing VO
An agent is a physical or virtual entity which is able to perceive, reason, act, and communicate in its environment and which executes autonomous actions to reach certain goals.
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Struggle for Inclusion: The Narratives of Religious Converts from Pakistan
An individual, anyone who is part of the society and has to respect social norms.
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Synthesis of the Laws of Motion Control of a UAV Group With Natural Obstacles
Some entity, a system that possesses properties, in addition to the properties of the object to exist and unite, necessary for interaction with the external environment.
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OMACS: A Framework for Adaptive, Complex Systems
An entity that perceives and can perform actions upon its environment, which includes humans as well as artificial (hardware or software) entities.
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Advances in Fault-Tolerant Multi-Agent Systems
A software entity that comforts five essential properties: reactiveness (responds timely to events), autonomy (exerts control over its own actions), goal-orientedness (aims to realize a specific task), persistency (is a continuously running process), sociability (interacts with other entities), intelligence (reasons (in different ways) on how to solve a problem).
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Competitive Advantage of Geographical Clusters
An object with various attributes that interprets and interacts with its environment through behavioral rules.
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Enabling Distributed Cognitive Collaborations on the Semantic Web
Agents are defined as autonomous, problem-solving computational entities capable of effective operation in dynamic and open environments.
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Training Infrastructure to Participate in Real Life Institutions: Learning through Virtual Worlds
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Detecting Intrusions in Cyber-Physical Systems of Smart Cities: Challenges and Directions
An agent is a program installed at the host to do the following tasks; event filtering, event aggregation, normalization of the aggregated events, and sending the aggregated results regarding the events to the data analyzer of a centralized intrusion detection program for the further inspection and decision making.
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Fog Computing Technology for Cooperative Information Processing in Edge-Centric Internet of Things Environments
A software module that represents simplest version of node in the smart space. An agent can reason knowledge and make decisions using this information and in accordance with the application goals.
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Mobile Agent-Based Information Systems and Security
A computer program that acts autonomously on behalf of a person or organization.
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Computer Agent Technologies in Collaborative Assessments
Either a human or a computer-simulated participant in a collaborative problem solving group.
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Intermediaries in E-Commerce: Value Creation Roles
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Economic Incentives and the Knowledge Economy
A person that acts on behalf of a principal, e.g. an employee in a firm.
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An AI Walk from Pharmacokinetics to Marketing
In RL terms, it is the responsible of making decisions according to observations of its environment.
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Cooperative Agents in Web-Based Distance Learning
The term agent generally is defined as a physical or logical entity that has the following properties: social ability, autonomy, reactivity, adaptability and granularity degrees.
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Computer Mediated Learning: Applying Burke's Pentad
The individual undertaking an act in a scene, one of the Pentadic elements.
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The Exploitation of Models in Artificial Emotions
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Designing Curricular Games
Computer-animated character controlled by an algorithm or artificial intelligence.
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Concept of Mobile Agent-Based Electronic Marketplace – Safety Measures
A software entity which can perform tasks on behalf of an end-user autonomously, capable of making independent decisions, and taking actions to satisfy a set of internally defined goals based upon its perception and interactions within the mobile agent environment.
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Towards a Personalized E-Learning System
It is an encapsulated computer program situated in some environment, and is capable of flexible, autonomous actions in that environment in order to meet its design objectives.
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Intelligent Software Agents in E-Commerce
A program designed to provide specialized and well defined services. Agent can be static – executing on the computer where it was installed, or mobile – executing on computer nodes in a network.
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Virtual Organization Support through Electronic Institutions and Normative Multi-Agent Systems
A goal-directed entity capable of interacting with the surrounding environment in an autonomous fashion; a software program representing an individual business entity.
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Agent-Based Patient Scheduling
“A computer system that is capable of flexible autonomous action in dynamic, unpredictable, typically multi-agent domains” (Luck et al., 2005).
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Gamification to Improve Adherence to Clinical Treatment Advice: Improving Adherence to Clinical Treatment
An agent is a software program that is not only autonomously reacts to its environment, it is proactive and socially capable.
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The Impact of Emergent Technologies in the Evolutionary Path for M-Commerce
Software developed to automate and perform a task on a network for the user.
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Applying Graphics Processing Unit Technologies to Agent-Based Simulation
An individually identifiable component within a system that has its own state, behaviour and is able to interact with other agents.
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Agent-Based Auction E-Marketplace with Value Added Services and Islamic Shariah Compliance
A software entity which can perform tasks autonomously, capable of making independent decisions, and taking actions to satisfy internal goals based upon its perceived environment.
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Software Agents
An agent in computing, is an entity such as a software program or a robot that can be viewed as perceiving and acting upon its environment and that is autonomous, that is, its behavior at least partially depends on its own experience.
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Applications of Artificial Immune Systems in Agents
A computer system, situated in some environment, that is capable of flexible autonomous action in order to meet its design objectives. The flexible autonomous action means the ability to act without the direct intervention of humans and they are capable to perceive their environment and response to changes to occur in it
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Interrogative Agents for Data Modeling
Agent is a hardware or software system able to act without human intervention (autonomy) both by itself (pro-activeness) and reacting to the environment changes (reactivity), also interacting with other agents (social ability).
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A Personalized Approach for Web Service Discovery in Distributed Environments
An autonomous entity that observes through sensors and acts upon an environment using actuators and directs its activity towards achieving goals.
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Applications of Reinforcement Learning and Bayesian Networks Algorithms to the Load-Frequency Control Problem
Is an autonomous entity which observes through sensors and acts upon an environment using actuators and directs its activity towards achieving goals. Russell & Norvig (2003) group agents into five classes based on their capability, Simple reflex agents , act only on the basis of the current percept, ignoring the rest of the percept history. Model-based reflex agents , it can handle a partially observable environment. Its current state is stored inside the agent maintaining some kind of structure which describes the part of the world which cannot be seen. Goal-based agents , expands on the capabilities of the model-based agents, by using “goal” information. Utility-based agents , defines a measure of how desirable a particular state is. This measure can be obtained through the use of a utility function which maps a state to a measure of the utility of the state. Learning agents , allows the agents to initially operate in unknown environments and to become more competent than its initial knowledge alone might allow.
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A Role-Based Agent-Oriented Approach to Medical Device Integration
A computational unit able to solve a problem and execute in open and dynamic contexts, thanks to the properties of reactivity, autonomy, proactivity, and sociality. The agents can run in a special agent platform such as JADE.
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An Immune Inspired Algorithm for Learning Strategies in a Pursuit-Evasion Game
An entity, that perceives its environment and acts upon it in order to realize a given set of goals or tasks
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Workflow Management Based on Mobile Agent Technology
An agent is a computer system situated in some environment, and that is capable of autonomous action in this environment in order to meet its design objectives
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Learning Systems Engineering
A complex system constituting elements that are individual performers, which can be described by their interrelationships, knowledge/skill, performance and constraints factors.
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Ontologies for Guaranteeing the Interoperability in e-Business: A Business Economics Point of View
In the context of e-business an agent is either a human being or an information and communication technical system (ICT systems).
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Serious Game Framework for Design of Medical Applications
Agent is any autonomous entity which sense and response to the environments to achieve its goals.
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