Various Applications of Nanowires

Various Applications of Nanowires

Zahied Azam, Amandeep Singh
Copyright: © 2021 |Pages: 37
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-6467-7.ch002
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Abstract

In this era of nanotechnology, nanowires (NWs) propose potential impact on electronics, computing, memory, data storage, communications, manufacturing, health, medicine, national security, and other economic sectors as well. NWs offer excellent surface-to-volume ratio (interface phenomena), low defect density, high optical output, and controllable n-type conductivity, making them more appropriate and sensitive for sensing applications. NWs with their ultra-sensitive and real-time detection capabilities lend their applications in nanobiosensors, chemical sensors, gas sensors, and electrochemical sensors. NWs have been used in improving the optical absorption as well as for the collection efficacy in photovoltaic devices. NWs having small size, low weight, low cost for mass production, and are also compatible with commercial planar processes for large-scale circuitry. In the chapter, the authors are focusing to summarize the recent advances in NWs with their potential applications in various fields such as research, health, security, education, entertainment, and power generation.
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Introduction

Nanowires (NWs) are actually the nanoscale material that has applications in next generation devices to enrich their functionality, superior performance and also allowing high integrity and low cost. In the last two decades, a number of metallic, compound semiconducting and dielectric material have been used grown in two dimensional thin films via the cutting-edge techniques like Chemical vapor deposition (CVD), Metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The wave length coverage of this material is from ultraviolet to infrared and its band gap ranges from 0.4 to 4.0 eV. High dimensional control has been gained as multiple quanta layering in III–V material as GaAs/AlGaAs with a layering thickness of 1 nm or fewer. The capacity of its growth as a thin epitaxial layer also in a controlled way that leads towards a number of its commercial applications in logic as well as in microelectromechanical systems, sensors, lasers, detectors, photovoltaics, memory, logic devices and others. NWs surfaces may be tailored fromsensitive to chemical or biological species (Seker, 2000), (Taylor and Schultz, 1996). These interesting properties with others of nanowires make them better candidates for their extensive range of applications as seen in Table 1 and discussed in details as follows. Although there are a number of the applications of the various nanowires to be discussed, but here in this chapter few applications are explained in details with examples and their uses in various fields.

Table 1.
Various types of nanowires with their diverse applications
S. NoTypes of NanowiresApplications of NanowiresReferences
1.SiliconElectronics, biosensors, Electroluminescence(Huo et al., 2004), (Kurkina et al., 2012),
2.GermaniumElectronics, IR detectors(Das et al., 2010),
(Qi et al., 2007)
3.GaAsHigh speed electronics, Photoconductive roles(Joyce, 2011),
(Wang, 2013)
4.InAsPhotodetector, Solar cell, NWFET, Tunnel diode, TFET, SET(Pettersson et al. 2006),
(Bessire et al. 2011), (Wei et al., 2009)
5.InPNWFET, Single-photodetectors,
Single-photon detector, Tunnel diode		(Borgstrom et al. 2011), (Kobayashi et al.,2012), (Bulgarini et al., 2012), (Wallentin et al., 2010)
6.GaPSingle-photonsource, Photodetector, Solar cell(Borgstrom et al. 2005),
(Gutsche et al. 2012),
(Krogstrup et al., 2013)
7.Ag NWsWearable devices(Wang et al., 2010), (Hong et al., 2015)
8.CuO NWsElectronic-conductor(Yang et al., 2014)
9.Zn NWsOptoelectronics, light emitters and lasers(Kar et al., 2006)
10.DNWsRadiation particle detectors, UV-light detectors and emitters, high-speed and high-power field effect transistors, field emission sources, position-sensitive biochemical substrates, and room temperature-stabilized high-efficiency single-photon emitters.(Monroy,2003), (Koizumi, 2001),
(Ito, 2000),
(Isberg, 2002),
(Okano, 1996),
(Yang, 2002),
(Babinec, 2010)
11.Cadmium tellurideIR detectors for various wavelengths(Rakovich et al.,2007)

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