Smart homes, smart buildings, and smart cities increase the quality of living by creating a world that is better and more secure, reducing dependency on human needs and efforts. This chapter investigates the complex landscape of security threats resulting from the integration of AIoT (artificial intelligence of things) and cloud platforms within the domains of smart homes, smart buildings, and smart cities. It examines the distinctive challenges and vulnerabilities that arise when these technologies converge. These technologies hold the potential to significantly enhance the quality of life, reinforce home security, and facilitate elderly care. However, their effectiveness hinges on access to extensive data about users' homes and private lives. This chapter underscores the critical need to address the ensuing security and privacy concerns, which present substantial barriers to the widespread adoption of these promising technologies.
Top1. Introduction
In the previous days when home automation was considered as an add-on facility, it was limited to high end residences. It has now become an aspect of living owing to the growing significance of technology, in our day-to-day routines. Thanks to the embrace of innovations such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI). The smart homes have transformed into practical aids that streamline our everyday chores.
Smart homes, characterized by the remote control of appliances through interconnected devices, whether via the Internet of Things (IoT) or AI capabilities, offer an innovative way to enhance daily living (Weingärtner, 2019). These connected appliances, operating autonomously while adapting to user preferences through wireless and wired connections (Pentikousis, 2000), define the essence of smart homes a network of interconnected devices and services that respond automatically to predefined rules, provide remote access through mobile apps or web browsers (Lin et al., 2015) and deliver alerts and notifications to users. Leveraging AI and IoT technologies, these homes incorporate sensors, lighting, meters, and other connected devices to gather and analyse data, optimizing household functions and utilities, ultimately enhancing daily life's convenience and efficiency (Jalal et al., 2018). This chapter delves into the transformative potential of AI and the Internet of Things in augmenting the intelligence of smart homes by cloud service.
In the world of contemporary urban development, it becomes apparent that shifting societal preferences and lifestyles, driven by technological advancements, necessitate a re-evaluation of urban planning and construction practices. This shift emphasizes the construction of mobile residences characterized by heightened openness and robust interconnections among their constituent parts. These modern dwellings embody qualities such as adaptability, responsiveness, dynamism, and resilience, evolving in tandem with occupant needs and technological innovations. Smart buildings epitomize this evolution, embodying core principles of flexibility, accommodation, and multi-functionality, designed to provide the needs to resident’s requirements in efficiency, security, and comfort (Koo et al., 2016). Their intelligent design places paramount importance on optimizing living spaces to enhance inhabitant well-being as mentioned in Braun et al. (2018). While smart technology aims to improve internal space efficiency and user-centric design concepts, certain studies in the world of smart building researchers have tended to prioritize technological implementation over broader aspects of habitability and spatial functionality. Despite efforts to introduce ambient intelligence into homes on a smaller scale, the widespread adoption of smart building concepts in practice remains a work in progress. Understanding the factors contributing to user satisfaction becomes pivotal for designers and engineers striving to align products with user preferences. It is essential to recognize mere availability of sophisticated features does not guarantee their acceptance or improved quality of life (Liu et al., 2019). Smart buildings, the fusion of intelligence (Barik et al., 2017; Batra et al., 2021) such as ML (machine learning), operational efficiency, material science, and construction practices, prioritize adaptability in achieving development goals, including energy efficiency (Martins et al., 2021), longevity, occupant comfort, and overall satisfaction. With the capacity to gather and interpret diverse data sources over time, smart buildings evolve and respond intelligently to changing circumstances, seamlessly integrating comfort, safety, security, design excellence, and long-term sustainability.