The Motivation That Improves Student Behavior

Introduction

The rapid development and change in information-communication and technology is the characteristic feature of the 21st century and brings with it the transformation of social institutions such as family, education, politics, religion, economy, law and leisure. The transformation in question highlights the adaptation of institutions to constantly renewed conditions. This situation is accepted as an indicator of the new stage of industrial revolutions that started with the emergence of mechanized industry by steam powered machines in the 18th and 19th centuries in Europe. In this new process, educational institutions are expected to be the driving force in terms of social life dynamics such as family, knowledge, religion, economy, law, politics, traditions and customs by realizing the necessary transformation in the structural dimension. As it is known, one aspect of education reveals the talents of the individual and directs his/her life; on the other hand, it has an important role in the economic, social and cultural development of a country (Arslan-Cansever, 2020). Innovations in technology have also brought innovations in the field of education. Learning environments supported by new technologies such as projector, interactive whiteboard, tablet, etc. In parallel with the developing technologies, the individual's access to information and preferences are also diversifying and changing. Online learning environments are also one of the learning environments that have started to be used with the development of technology. Mayer (2019) states that online learning has three parts that answer the questions of what, how and why. (a) The material presented in online learning consists of words and/or graphics in oral or printed form, such as drawings, diagrams, photographs, animation or video. (b) In online learning, the medium is a computer-based device such as a desktop computer, laptop, tablet, smartphone or virtual reality. (c) The purpose of instruction in online learning is to cause certain changes in the student's knowledge. The use of online learning environments has become widespread, especially due to mandatory situations such as the Covid 19 pandemic and natural disasters. There are factors that are effective in maintaining the learning behaviors of individuals in both face-to-face and online learning environments. One of these factors is also motivation. In educational environments, motivation is one of the necessary factors in terms of effort, choice and determination that supports the academic success of students (Fulgencio et al., 2021) and has an important place in the online learning process (Khan, 2009). Motivation in the online environment can be considered as the power that directs the individual to do and maintain the behavior. Motivation supports students' participation in classes, whether in face-to-face or online learning environments. It can be argued that the importance of online education is much better understood, especially during the Covid-19 outbreak (Kongül & Toprak, 2023). Online learning environments used for such compulsory reasons have become an important opportunity in terms of education (Bayındır, 2021). In order to use this opportunity effectively and efficiently, it is necessary to determine the motivational elements that improve student behavior in online learning environments. In this context, the purpose of the chapter is to deal with the concept of motivation with all its components and to reveal the ways to motivate students in the online learning process. For this purpose, first of all, the concept of motivation is explained in the context of motivation in the online learning environment. Secondly, theoretical perspectives on motivation and how these perspectives guide student behavior in the online learning environment will be discussed. Finally, the importance of motivation in improving student behavior in the online environment and the ways to motivate students in this environment will be discussed. All the content that will be discussed within the framework of the literature will be interpreted from an analytical point of view.