The Impact of Migration on the State and Social Security: Theoretical and Practical Aspects

Introduction

Numerous people become migrants due to particular especially private reasons, for instance, work, family issues, study, etc. Others, on the contrary, leave their homes and countries due to a series of compelling and sometimes tragic circumstances such as conflicts, persecution, and disasters. Here we have to say that the migrant himself, his/her country of origin, the receiving country, and society often face fundamental challenges. Although people who have been displaced particularly refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) make up a relatively small percentage of all migrants, they often need help and support more than others (IOM, 2020).

Today, many studies concerning migration issues, are mainly because of their magnitude. Previously, this problem attracted economists, sociologists, and partly lawyers; today it is at the center of attention of political scientists and researchers of international relations. But nowadays, it is viewed from the point of state and social security. Here it is worth highlighting that migration is one of the most intensively developing processes in the modern world. There is a distinction between migration within one country and international migration, which involves moving from one country to another. International migration processes were observed throughout the entire historical period. Indeed, international migration is not a new phenomenon. People have always moved from one country to another. Differences in the living conditions of the population of different countries, conflicts, and lack of resources gave rise to migration flows. However, their peaks always fell at certain moments of the political development of the world (Garrett, 2015).

Wars and conflicts have always been accompanied by large movements of people. The end of the 20th - the beginning of the 21st century was not marked by the “end of history”, i.e. calm and conflict-free development of events, as F.  Fukuyama assumed. On the contrary, at the end of the 20th century, there was a surge of conflicts, which even gave S.  Huntington a reason to talk about the conflict of civilizations. The assessment of this scenario was criticized by most researchers, but the very fact of conflicts and the problems that arise in connection with them made it necessary to look for answers to many questions, in particular, those related to refugees. In the conflicts of the 1990s. various states faced significant flows of refugees, including Europe, when about 3 million people left the former Yugoslavia. Most of them ended up in the countries of the European Union, and many from other conflict zones rushed there. In general, it should be noted that Europe has not known of such a flow of refugees since the Second World War (Bajagic, Kesetovic, 2004).

Political conflicts, special military operations and wars, and the global financial and economic crisis led to the direct relationship between the state and social well-being, the need for developed laws and regulations, and the achievement of comprehensive state and social security (Zinchina, 2008). The central principle of the safe perseverance of society and people has always been measured in the context of social relationships that defined the nature of any country, and in the future, such an understanding found an appropriate development, of security’s two principal concepts: public and national. However, contemporary science mostly considers any kind of political and state security (Sokolova, 2017).