The world economy strives for globalization, and most energy assets are connected with each other through correspondent banks and other mutual operations. The relevance of the topic of the thesis is due to the fact that in September 2019 a number of proposals were made to introduce the practice of negative interest rates in the national banking system due to the fact that Russian energy assets are not profitable to place in foreign currency..
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Depending on the current economic requirements, the mega-regulator adjusts the money supply through the policy of “expensive” or “cheap money”. In the event of high inflationary processes, the money supply is subject to reduction through the issue of bonds, an increase in the key rate, an increase in the required reserves of credit institutions and other operations aimed at withdrawing the surplus of funds from circulation. When signs of recession and stagnation appear in the economy (such as: a decrease in the level of GDP growth, an increase in unemployment, a transition of inflation to zero or negative values, a decrease in consumption with a simultaneous increase in savings), the policy of the Central Bank is oriented towards issuance in order to inject additional liquidity into the market, (through the reduction of interest rates, the repayment from the market bonds offer lines of credit and so on) thus Central Bank formulates demand and maintaining production (Dinçer, & Yüksel, 2018a; Dinçer, & Yüksel, 2018b; Dinçer, & Yüksel, 2018c).
Depending on the period for which it is necessary to give the economy additional cash funds of Bank of Russia toolkit is divided into short-term (1 day), medium (from one week) and long term (one year). More detailed information on the types of operations to regulate liquidity, their purposes, forms and frequency of carrying out is indicated (An, Mikhaylov, Richter, 2020).