Crime is one of the main problems facing countries with consequences that harm society. Insecurity is measured with crime rates; some statistics show these indices at the global level but do not at the local level. Strategies have been devised to end crime, but few have been done to prevent it, and measures have been taken that range from analyzing the air to using social networks for it. This research was carried out to propose that crime rates be reflected in maps of any local area, which will be combined in color, as a result of the application of blurred models to determine the degree of belonging of crime rates in certain areas. The result of these maps could be used to alert the population or quickly inform the corresponding justice authorities about that area so that people are cautious.
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The crime is any legally punishable action that seriously offends the ethical-legal order and therefore deserves a sanction; jurists conceive it as a topical and guilty unlawful act (Torres and Granadillo, 2019). There are several types of crimes, some belong to the commercial, civil, labor area; however, those that affect citizenship are classified as criminal offenses, which are serious and affect the integrity of people.
Crime is one of the main problems in countries and its consequences are detrimental to society. The crime incidence shows some statistics at a global level, but they do not at a local level. Some crimes classified as serious are kidnapping, intentional homicide, robbery, rape, and drug trafficking and according to the federal penal codes of several countries, they are the ones that cause the most damage to society.
In Mexico, it seems that the crime rate has been constant, for an average of 35,236 crimes occurred from 2010 to 2021, according to data reported by Geografía INEGI (2022); However, that publication shows that although 30,535 occurred in 2010 and 30,716 in 2021, there have been periods where a drastic increase has been observed, for example in the years 2015 to 2016. Then, in 2017, that can be seen in graph 1.
The graph shows that although in recent years there has been a constant rate of crime, it has not decreased much and actions are required to stop it from increasing.
Figure 1. Source INEGI (2022) In the United States, the average crime rate in 2020 was 398.5 crimes per 100,000 inhabitants; a slight increase compared to 2019, where the figure was 380.8, according to CNN newscast, Haczek (2022). It can also be highlighted on this subject, that in the world in the year 2022, the newspaper “la República” classified the countries with the highest crime according to the image of Figure 1.
Figure 2.
The crime rate in the world
Each zone has its classifications, depending on various factors. Some are described below to give more contexts to the impact of crime:
In the case of South Africa, which in 2015 had one of the highest crime rates in the world (Hatting, 2015).
In Peru, in 2016, 2,435 deaths were registered in intentional criminal acts, which showed an index of 7.7 deaths per hundred thousand inhabitants, with a homicide rate of 7.7 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants (INEI, 2016).
Latin America is the area of the world where the most malicious crimes are committed (Hernández, 2021); The factors that affect this area and that result in this assertion are organized crime, youth gangs, and little or no action by institutions dedicated to fighting crime.
In the analysis of the way in which the fight against crime is carried out, there are several contexts, such as Crime Prevention, which is combined with formal theories and policies that include the use of ICTs, aimed at crime prevention. (Palmer, Warren & Miller (2018); which is carried out through surveillance, used to monitor people through the convergence of data through discreet surveillance and through information and communication technologies.
In each Region, techniques have been implemented to combat crime, for example, in South Africa, the strategy of establishing Community Policing Forums (CPF) was devised, which monitor through Facebook what people share in their publications, to thus determine the information related to the crimes committed.