Smart cities are composed of interlinked components with constant data transfer and services targeted at increasing the life style of the people. The chapter focuses on diverged smart city components as well as the security models designed to be implemented. The four major paradigms discussed in this chapter are smart grids, building automation system (BAS), unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), and smart vehicles. Apart from addressing the security concerns of every component, the major highlights of this chapter are architecture, smart environment, industry, lifestyle, services, and digital lifestyle quality. Finally, the chapter focuses on privacy preserving mechanisms, its essence over smart cities, strong architecture related to privacy, preserving mechanism, and various approaches available that can retaliate these issues in a smart city environment.
Top1. Introduction
A Smart City is a term used to denote the urban culture and modern facilities available to the people living in towns. These cities designated as urban areas use various kinds of electronic data collection sensors that relays information used to manage the assets and resources efficiently. It includes the data collected from electronic gadgets, the customers, assets that is being processed and analysed in order to manage and track various systems, e.g. the traffic, transportation, power plants, water supply network, waste management, law enforcement, information systems, schools, schools, libraries, community hospitals etc (Bartoli et al., 2011).
The concept of smart cities is a formal hybridization of ICT (Information and Communication Technology along with physical devices attached to the network in order to optimize the efficiency of city operations along with services connected to the residents. The smart city technology allows the city workers and officers for direct interaction with the community and city infrastructure in order to monitor the day to day happenings of the city. With the increase in the standard of lifestyle maintained by people with its overly increasing demands to ease the daily affairs, the technical the technical world has always encountered new challenges and benchmarks to overcome (Khurana, Hadley, Lu & Frincke, 2010; Baig et al., 2017). In order to meet the social objectives and physical realm with enhancement of the class of life leads to evolvement of what is called ‘SMART CITIES’. An overtly increase in the population of cities poses another major challenge giving rise to several complex problems like city administration or the governance. The continuous rise in demand and comparatively shortage of resources mandates the need of smart and more ‘astute’ arrangements to address the rising prerequisites in these urban situations.
The world faces several complicated problems and challenges for its survival and attaining a basic sustainability in day to day life. To fulfil the increasing demand of people and meet the objectives of the social and the physical realm in order to enhance of the class of life leads to evolvement of “smart cities”. This concept gained widespread framework since it offers solutions to all kinds of challenges. In recent years, it has been noted, global urbanization has undergone drastic expansion, which does not show any sign of undergoing reduction in the coming years. In these circumstances there are huge related endeavours to encourage a better and feasible standard of living. This can be best dealt with propelling and innovative technologies as a response and solutions to these crucial challenges. This encourages the worldwide notch companies for drifting their technologies towards smarter and astute innovation. Cisco, Google, HP, Dell, IBM and more global companies got triggered to launch their own smart and connected devices, smart projects “smart cities” as the response to these challenges (Yan, Qian, Sharif & Tipper, 2012). The market of a smart city is estimated to have worth of several billions of dollars by 2020. Therefore, important city models encompass various diverse aspects of smartness and completely focused on the importance of incorporation and collaboration across several domains. In an overall it can be said that “A city, in the end, is an arrangement of frameworks”, and “any models that endeavour to characterize its dynamic nature must likewise have the capacity to speak to the assorted variety of those components (Wicaksono, Rogalski & Kusnady, 2010; Antonini, Barenghi, Pelosi & Zounouz, 2014).
Built over the spines of propelling data, communication and control technologies, smart cities are equipped with intelligent transportation, smart energy, intelligent healthcare and smart buildings, models and related devices. These are programmed to automatically identify the demands of people and improves the quality of life (Mohammed et al., 2014).
Though the Smart city benefits people and the city in various ways, such as environment, industry, living services, and energy, but are equally susceptible to threats related to security and privacy issues. The privacy concerns here regarding the data stored may be related to resident’s personal information or any other private data which may be extremely crucial to be disclosed. The chapter is regarding the various cyber security issues and challenges encountered while meeting the milestones of a smart city requirement.