Abstract
There is a high demand in energy consumption of cities due to growth in population, and more pollution due to high CO2 emissions. Effective methods for increasing energy efficiency include the adoption of green vehicles to the transportation systems. The chapter aims to evaluate traditional public transportation technologies, introduce alternative future green transportation technologies in smart and sustainable cities, and make comparison between traditional and green public transportation systems. Istanbul is chosen to apply a case study to explain the importance of using green transportation ways in terms of CO2 emissions. The results of different transportation modes in different routes are compared. The results found for different scenarios on the routes in this case study ensure that the most eco-friendly options would be the walking, cycling, and public transportation ways for the passengers, although they may not provide the optimal solutions in terms of total duration and distance traveled.
TopBackground
Recently, there has been increasing migration to urban areas because of social and economic conditions. Some %56 of the world’s population lives in cities, and there is a rapid urbanization process in the world. After 2005, the urban population in the world exceed the rural population and the growing trend in urban population continues (UN, 2018).
Transportation has become a common problem in urban areas, and there are deficiencies in strategy and planning. Due to the inaccessibility of urban transportation systems and the limitations on time management, people living in urban areas prefer the single-occupant-vehicle mode. This mode causes transportation and traffic-related problems such as traffic congestion, air and noise pollution, and high energy consumption. However, the design of the single-occupant-vehicle mode is not efficient for a sustainable, safe, and equal transportation system (Watkins, 2018). Therefore, governments or authorized service providers encourage citizens to use public transportation to eliminate these externalities and reduce reliance on single-occupant-vehicle, saving them time, money, and stress while lowering CO2 emissions.
Key Terms in this Chapter
Micro-mobility vehicle: It is an environmentally friendly and innovative transportation option for short-distance travel which work with human power or an electric motor.
Traditional transportation vehicle: It refers to a vehicle that uses fossil fuels like diesel and petrol, which cause high CO 2 emissions and energy consumption.
Energy Consumption: The amount of energy used to travel between OD pairs.
Mobility as a Service (MaaS): It is a concept that builds on these shared modes and advancements in information and communication technology.
Green Transportation: It refers to travel from an origin to a destination (OD) using eco-friendly vehicles.
Green vehicle: A vehicle that causes less environmental damage than other traditional transportation vehicles.
CO2 Emission: Carbon dioxide is produced during the consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring.