Blockchain Technology in Disaster Rescue Wings

Introduction

Each year, unexpected incidents generate $140 billion in losses in several nations and the deaths of 150,000 individuals globally. Iran is one of the most disaster-prone nations in the world for a variety of reasons, and at the moment, earthquake and flood risks are present in around 70% and 50% of the country, respectively. To avoid unforeseen outcomes, it is crucial today to draw lessons from the painful past while also taking risks and the uncertain future into consideration. Therefore, it is crucial to adopt new crisis management techniques and reduce losses and damages when dealing with such incidents. Moreover, in an emergency, “rescue,” “treatment,” and “support” organisations must be ready; otherwise,It is clear that the three aforementioned domains (1–3) can all benefit from modern information and communication technology. It is inevitable that during an emergency, new information and communication technologies would be used to get to the accident scene swiftly and enhance the quality and quantity of rescue efforts. Communication and information. (Gao W, Hatcher WG, 2018)

The researchers have also recommended using delay tolerant network (DTN) to build an emergency post disaster communication network using the various communication features of smartphones, such as Wi-Fi Direct or Bluetooth, taking into account the effects of natural disasters on communication infrastructure. Volunteers for disaster relief and drivers of supply vehicles all use these smartphones when operating in DTN mode [1-6]. DTNs, however, frequently break up, lack an end-to-end link, and have inconsistent connectivity, which results in subpar network performance. Establishing DropBoxes, which are fxed relay nodes that assist in message transfer and are commonly found on smartphones and laptops with internet connectivity, is one potential method for enhancing network throughput.A scientific forecasting model that can predict the requests for post-disaster emergency relief items and list their uses is essential for reducing the issue of ad-hoc distribution. Using mathematical modelling, a few works have made an effort to predict the precise need for relief supplies in each emergency shelter [5] and to list the particular uses of such supplies.(Zheng Z, Xie S, Dai H, Chen X, 2017)

On the other hand, it becomes essential to have a document for providing an unquestionable and globally accessible record of relief requirement vis-à-vis allocation for effective relief management in order to solve the challenges of allocation transparency, resource diversion, etc. The incorporation of blockchain technology has been suggested [7– 14] by a number of disaster response groups and researchers in order to produce such a shared and unchallengeable set of records. Nevertheless, the availability of end-to-end internet connectivity, which, as was previously discussed, may not be present in a post- disaster situation, limits the use of blockchain.(Izadi DS, Sharif-Khatibi Z,2020)

In this paper, ReliefChain, a blockchain-based post-disaster relief allocation system using a delay-tolerant network, is proposed. The suggested system gathers the relief needs of various shelters at a specified Location, which in turn verifies these needs to prevent resource divergence, estimates the precise need, and enumerates the particular uses of these relief goods. As is common knowledge, smart contracts are a subset of Ethereum accounts that are used to create and send transactions via the blockchain network. DropBox uses smart contracts to initiate new transactions that record information about requests, services, and allocations on the blockchain. As any alteration to the record would necessitate several validations, logging these particulars into a blockchain renders them tamper-proof.

The coordination of crisis management during an emergency and the rescue process depends heavily on communication and information exchange. As a result, one of the key elements in ensuring an adequate reaction to emergencies will be the development of a strong, complete, and consistent communication infrastructure. It is necessary to continually assess the usage of new technologies that appear to assure trustworthy communication and information exchange.(Siemon C, Rueckel D, Krumay B,2020)