Abstract
This chapter aims to address the research gap from the previous paper on the effects of employee performance on the implementation of total quality management from the perspective of working mothers' evidence from the public and private sectors. The performance of working mothers is said to be not satisfactory, and their performance has dropped after having babies. Thirty-one working mothers participated in the survey and were filtered into 12 respondents to follow the “rule of 12” of a pilot study. Five alternative hypotheses were accepted, whereas three null hypotheses were accepted. Study shows that implementation would help improve the performance of working mothers even though the evidence is not strong enough to support it but can be accepted due to the presence of correlation between variables. A few research gaps were solved and addressed, and a few were not discussed and will be used for future research.
TopIntroduction
The listed gap in this section was adopted from previous research in the edited book chapter of “Handbook of Research on Big Data, Green Growth, and Technology Disruption in Asian Companies and Societies” in the chapter “Effects of Employee Performance on the Implementation of Total Quality Management: Perspective of Working Mothers written by Nur Aqilah Adilah and Heru Susanto (2021). The topic discussed in the paper on how few tools of TQM, such as policy management and problem-solving, can be applied in improving and maintaining working mothers’ performance as to how it was before having children. The paper also listed research gaps for the said topic.
Performance improvements may result in higher levels of customer and employee satisfaction. Organizational performance is said to be an output that could enhance job satisfaction. (Diah and Cahyadi 2020). The empirical literature by researchers stated that formal education was always used as a proxy because it is challenging to identify and measure; training can improve the recipient's performance to help them attain the required level of knowledge. Training has shown a positive impact on employee productivity, resulting in a higher level of customer and employee satisfaction (Borghans, 2001; Allen & Velden, 2001; Green & McIntosh, 2007; Amador & Vila, 2013; Anuar, 2017). However, organizations would prefer to have an employee with lots of experience, so the organization does not have to spend more money on training the new employee.
The woman is an integral part of society. Traditionally, a working mother was considered as a woman who had a career and additional responsibilities, such as raising children or caring for her family (Kadale, Pandey and Raje, 2018). There were quite numbers of working mothers in Brunei Darussalam. The spread of education, better awareness, and increasing cost of living have caused women to shift from home to career, even as mothers. (Kadale, Pandey and Raje, 2018).
Factors that increase the supply of working mothers are the increasingly improved level of education and an increase in demand for female workers in the textile and garment industry. (Handayanii, Dhyah and Primaningrum, 2019). However, the main reason would be the higher standard of living. Thus, families with lower incomes will be seen as a burden if only supported by lower-income families. (Handayani, Dhyah and Primaningrum, 2020).
Key Terms in this Chapter
Policy Management: The process (and art) of creating, implementing, updating, and maintaining an organization's policies and procedures.
Age-Wise Familiarity: To see and understand which age group were familiar with the tools of Total Quality Management.
Working Mothers: Women who have children and are still in the workforce.
Sector-Wise Familiarity: To see and understand which sector group were more familiar with the tools of Total Quality Management.
Performance: The action or process of performing task or functions.
Performance Improvements: Refers to improving a business process, function, or procedure to improve the overall outcomes.
Performance of Working Mothers: The performance of the working mothers that were to be measured and analyzed.
Jobs Satisfaction: A feeling of fulfilment or enjoyment that a person derives from their job; a sense of satisfaction or happiness one gets from one's work.
Total Quality Management: A management style founded on the idea that each employee must be dedicated to upholding high work standards in all areas of business operations.