Participants
From the spring of 2017 through the spring of 2019, the Teacher Self Inventory (TSI) (McLaughlin, 1987, 2017) was accessed online by 225 elementary classroom teachers (K – 6) and 263 pre-service teacher education students. The classroom teachers consist of professionals from school districts in three counties in southeastern Pennsylvania. The pre-service teachers were all elementary education students at a medium-sized public university in southeastern Pennsylvania. For data analysis purposes, classroom teachers were categorized as either primary level (K – 3) or intermediate level (4 – 6). For middle schools included in the current study, only the 5th and/or 6th grade teachers received requests to participate. For the online TSI, preservice teachers were asked to identify a preferred grade level range and these responses were used to categorize pre-service teachers as either primary or intermediate level.
For the final analysis of quantitative results, the numbers of respondents varied from the total that had accessed the online survey. In a number of cases, surveys were not completed through the final section, which negated the calculation of some subscale scores based upon individual item responses. In addition, if certain demographic information was not provided (e.g., grade level), the survey could not be included in analyses based upon these demographic descriptors. In the end, 164 in-service teacher surveys and 139 pre-service teacher surveys were included in the analyses.