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Top1. Introduction
The idea behind a good sustainable Smart City is to build an ICT framework, an intelligent network of interconnected objects and machines transmitting data through wireless technology using a cloud computing architecture. Cloud-based intelligent IoT devices could receive, analyze and maintain real time data to help the city municipalities, city planners and citizens properly utilize data and make better decisions in order to improve the quality of life. The notion of Smart City e-governance started during 90’s and was realized by financial support from the World Bank & United Nations. According to the UN, the world's urban population will increase approximately 1.5 times to 6 billion individuals by 2045, making up about 55% of the population (Urban Development). Smart City governance is all about collaboration between humans and the use of ICTs for implementing city functions to get better outcomes (Albert Meijer, Manuel Pedro Rodrıguez Bolıvar, 2016). Cities become smart when the standard of living of its residents become better such as increasing their income level, regulating traffic, proper waste management and providing safety and security, especially to senior citizens and children. Smart cities with handling of big data and Information Technology (IT) could influence the state of how cities function. A Smart City model would enable communication between the city and its citizens/residents as the city would become an integrated system with several different connected parts. This model could be modified to achieve maximum efficiency in time or cost in different sectors such as smart transportation, healthcare and waste management, benefitting both the city and its citizens. Meanwhile, the Government of India, with a larger understanding of the use of ICT in delivering governance, acknowledges the existence of human resources and emphasizes in providing degree of excellence to its citizens’ life as well as surroundings. An advancement of BIM technology could help in the improvement of the AECOO (Architecture, Engineering, Construction, Owner and Operator) industry around the world (Alex Bradley et al., 2016). 3D based BIM modelling technique has had a great impact for the regulatory processes in the land development industry in Singapore to embellish the range of strategies that are used to induce change in an instance of 3D digital innovation (Serene Ho, Abbas Rajabifard, 2016).
Banaras is leading in Smart City rankings of 100 Smart Cities mission as recently released by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) in India on January 15, 2021(Meijer, Bolívar et al, 2016). Banaras has secured the first rank with a score of 85.25 as compared to other smart cities like Bhopal, Surat and Ahmedabad who are known to be the top scorers in the annual rankings. The city of the near future is going to be smart and more efficient for the people and entirely interconnected in order to regularly maintain traffic control, save energy, manage waste, provide uninterrupted purified water supply and all assisted by big data and artificial intelligence. Due to high volume of growth in population in the urban cities, there is also a rapidly rising number of enormous challenges i.e. more people creates more traffic which causes more pollution, higher energy consumption, more water usage, more waste and so on. Smart cities are now working to overcome these problems everywhere in places like Dubai, America, Nigeria, Malaysia, South Korea and India.. For example, cities have now started smart poles in place of regular poles which connect to their internet devices, there are driverless cars with intelligent systems and techniques which may only cause accidents very rarely and widespread use of drones and robots are helping to deliver goods. In the future, cities are going to use virtual reality for making processes more efficient. For example the loco pilots in duty can be supervised and monitored by their respective control center and Computational intelligence techniques can be used to find and correct the system errors to prevent damage before it happens. A citizen’s engagement within the Smart City framework takes place in many ways using smartphones, connected vehicles, smart devices and homes by pairing devices with a city’s infrastructure and services. In Figure 1, we have specified some of most important services that each Smart City needs to follow for the improvement of both the people’s lives and city environment.