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Top1. Introduction
The Internet of Everything (IoE) is a phrase in information technology that evolved from the internet of things (IoT) as time has progressed (Kubba & Hoomod, 2019). IoE links numerous items and things over the internet using embedded sensors to gather and analyze data in an intelligent manner (Thabit, Mahmoud, Alkhayyat, & Abbasi, 2019). More specifically, it can gather and interpret real-time data from a multitude of sensors, like as cameras that are linked to it (Miraz, Ali, Excell, & Picking, 2015). As a result, automated systems based on IoE innovation have major features such as real-time computing, detecting, updating, regulating, and observing. Currently, the IoE has emerging applications in several domains such as the healthcare industry(Mardini, Aljawarneh, & Al-Abdi, 2021), surveillance (Maitra, Giri, & Sarkar, 2021), agriculture (Mohapatra & Rath, 2022), and many more. Because of all these extensive capabilities, the IoE-enabled smart surveillance system is a fascinating emerging technology. In such a system, surveillance can be accomplished using various ways, however, human gait-based surveillance is in high demand because of their excellent qualities that make more effective video surveillance systems (Angadi & Nandyal, 2020). In previous years, human identification through gait becomes a very popular area of research. Gait is a kind of behavioral biometric in which a person’s manner of walking is considered to identify them.
It can be considered as a next-generation approach to biometric systems due to its wide applications in surveillance systems (Alsaggaf et al., 2021; Ran, Zheng, Chellappa, & Strat, 2010). Gait recognition methods are broadly divided into two main groups which are model-based and appearance-based or model-free approaches (BenAbdelkader, Cutler, & Davis, 2002; Yang, Larsen, Alkjær, Simonsen, & Lynnerup, 2014). Moreover, CNNs are the most commonly used algorithm in appearance-based methods with remarkable performances (Alotaibi & Mahmood, 2017; Hawas, El-Khobby, Abd-Elnaby, & Abd El-Samie, 2019; Linda, Themozhi, & Bandi, 2020). Usually, in appearance-based methods, Gait Energy Image(GEI)(Han & Bhanu, 2005) is the most commonly used gait representation.