ai, bi, ci | Fuel cost coefficients for unit i |
URi, DRi | Ramp up and down rate limits of unit i, respectively |
Ng | Number of online units |
Nb | Number of buses in the system |
Nl | Number of transmission lines |
PD | Total load demand of the system |
Pgi | Real power output of unit i |
Qgi | Reactive power generated at bus i |
Pdi, Qdi | Real and reactive load demand at bus i, respectively |
Pgi0 | Initial output power of unit i |
Pgi,min, Pgi,max | Lower and upper generation limits of unit i, respectively |
Pgi,high, Pgi,low | Maximal and minimal possible power outputs of unit i, respectively |
PL | Total network loss of the system |
gij, bij | Transfer conductance and susceptance between bus i and bus j, respectively |
Vi, Vj | Voltage magnitudes at bus i and bus j, respectively |
δi, δj | Voltage angles at bus i and bus j, respectively |
Uλ | Input of multiplier neuron corresponding to the output Vλ |
Ugi | Input of continuous neuron corresponding to the output Vi |
Vλ | Output of multiplier neuron representing Lagrangian multiplier |
Vgi | Output of continuous neuron i representing for output power Pgi |
σ | Slope of sigmoid function of continuous neurons |
λ | Lagrangian multiplier associated with power balance |
β | Penalty factor associated with power balance |
αλ | Step updating size for multiplier neurons |
αi | Step updating size for continuous neurons |