Article Preview
Top1. Introduction
The confrontation is one of the main characteristics of modern basketball (Liu 2018). Defensive consciousness and ability of athletes can be improved with the development of basketball skills and tactics under continuous revision of game rules. It makes athletes have more frequent physical contact in the competition (Pang 2020; Jin 2019). The physical confrontation becomes more and more intense, which puts forward higher requirements for athletes to use offensive technology. The body balance of offensive technology in basketball can help us better understand the internal law of basketball attack technology and make the offensive technology be rational and effective (Xiao 2020; Daniel et al. 2017).
The movement is a key aspect in basketball training and competition. Basketball technical movement includes linear movement, angular movement and compound movement of human body or ball. From the perspective of body balance, it includes static balance and steady-state balance (Gebel et al. 2020; Lee et al. 2021). During playing basketball, the displacement relative to the human body and the posture of the human body remain unchanged in a certain time. The balance is a kind of static state, termed as static balance. Under the condition of confrontation or no confrontation, in order to achieve technical effect or tactical purpose, athletes change body posture and position according to space-time conditions, connect and combine several technical actions, and timely adjust the center of gravity and inertia to maintain body balance, which is a kind of dynamic steady-state balance. The body balance of offensive technology is a process of mutual transformation between static and steady state. It is a cyclic process from balance to break balance and then to achieve new balance.
According to the principle of mechanics (Chakraborty & Mondal 2020; Bahlakeh et al. 2017), the necessary conditions for human body balance are that the combined external force is zero and the resultant moment is zero. In addition, the body balance also depends on the support surface, the height of center of gravity and the relative position of the center of gravity projection line on the support surface (Ghislieri et al. 2019; Baige et al. 2020). The support surface is the plane between two feet. The larger the support surface is, the greater the stability of the body is. For the height of the center of gravity, the lower the center of gravity is, the greater the stability is. The relative position of the center of gravity projection line on the support surface is stable between the two feet. According to the characteristics and internal laws of basketball sport, the posture of static balance should satisfy the distance between the front and back of the two feet is close to the same width as the shoulder, the angle between the two knees is bent, the angle between the big legs is about 135°, the angle of the ankle joint is about 70 °, the front sole of the foot touches the ground, the head remains stable, the projection point of the center of gravity falls between the two feet and the upper body leans forward slightly. It does not only maintain good stability and balance in confrontation, but also can move horizontally or take off in all directions in time. Steady state balance is the unity of balance in motion (Reimann et al. 2018). It reflects in the free and consistent connection between several technical movements. The basketball player should actively seize the ground and space, adjust the center of gravity in time, and keep coordination of head, upper limbs and trunk.
In the offensive technology (Wu & Bornn 2018; Jia 2018), the body balance is a complete system, which includes the standardization of single technology and the coherence of the connection of combined technology, comprehensiveness of observation and accuracy of judgment, antagonism of technical action, and psychological stability.