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Scientific community considers that hemodynamic monitoring is a central component of intensive care (Pinsky & Rayen, 2005). Advanced hemodynamic monitoring is an important part of treatment in clinical situations where aggressive, yet guided hemodynamic interventions are required in order to stabilize the patient and optimize outcome. Cardiac Output (CO) and other hemodynamic parameters play an important role in differential diagnosis, establishing the right treatment plan and monitoring and refining it in real-time. Hemodynamic monitoring is the expert collection and analysis of qualitative and quantitative data of cardiopulmonary function. This monitoring includes clinical observation, the use of electrical, photometric, pressure transducing equipment, as well as the application of a number of intravascular catheters. Fluid-filled monitoring systems attach to intravascular catheters and are used for continuous invasive measurement of arterial and cardiac pressures. Periodic measurement of other pressure/flow and gas exchange parameters may also be performed (National Institutes of Health, http://www.cc.nih.gov). Patterns of hemodynamic variables often suggest cardiogenic, hypovolemic, obstructive, or distributive (septic) etiologies to cardiovascular insufficiency, thus defining the specific treatments required.
Current clinical practice guidelines, based on recent clinical trials that failed to demonstrate a beneficial long-term effect of its use on patients’ outcome, recommend the use of Pulmonary Artery Catheter (PAC or Swan – Ganz catheter) only in certain conditions, such as the differential diagnosis between a cardiogenic and a non-cardiogenic pathophysiology in critically ill patients or the evaluation of hemodynamically unstable patients not responding to the applied therapy (Dickstein, 2008). Any delay to obtain the proper treatment for the critically ill patients, might be fatal. To prevent a possible episode, the prognosis is necessary and important with regard to sudden changes in values of right ventricular volumes which signify an oncoming acute pulmonary embolism or ischemic episode (Vonk Noordegraaf & Gallie, 2011). The three most important factors for hemodynamic evaluation are: preload, afterload and contractility. Right ventricular end-diastolic volume (RVEDV) is the best clinical estimate of right ventricular preload and right ventricular end-systolic volume (RVESV) may be used to estimate RV function (Siniscalchi, 2005). In addition the ejection fraction, 
is an important index of cardiac performance. EDV is the end diastolic volume and ESV is the end systolic volume. Thus, the calculation of RVEDV and RVESV are of great interest to the clinician.
The PAC is a catheter with length usually at 110cm and external diameter of 7French (or 2.33mm). In order to access the right heart it enters from a large vein which often is the internal jugular or the subclavian vein and though the superior vena cava enters the right atrium as shown in Figure 1. Through the tricuspid valve is inserted to the right ventricle cavity and then curves in order to enter through the pulmonary valve to the pulmonary artery (Headley, 1989).
Figure 1. Pulmonary artery catheterization from the insertion point
The curvature of the catheter in the right ventricle chamber has the form of an arc of a circle and could be considered to be the same in any heart as the location and the distance between the valves is approximately unchanged. Therefore, as a result from the above, if a number of ultrasonic sensors are mounted on the catheter surface with certain geometry, the angle of ultrasound beam from the sensor to the ventricular wall will be constant.