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Clean air is necessary for sustaining productivity over the period of time. Anthropogenic activities lead to rise in primary pollutants which lead to the formation of secondary pollutants in the presence of chemical reactions. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Fifth Assessment Report says that all the non-carbon dioxide climate altering pollutants are damaging the health, by giving rise to secondary pollutants in the atmosphere. According to Mehta, 2012, Air pollution has been credited as the National Problem and ranks at fifth position for the cause of mortality in India. National Ambient Air Quality Programme categorizes three pollutants such as NOX (Nitrogen Oxides), PM (Particulate Matter) & SO2 (Sulphur Dioxide) for regular monitoring at all locations. According to the Report of World Health Organization 2015, 15% of global death due to air pollution in 1990 has resulted, which is still increasing by 16.2% by the year 2010(Lim et .al,2014). Increase in 12% in number of deaths has been recorded in India between 2005 and 2010, exposed to high concentration of pollutants due to increase in vehicular traffic and poor maintenance of roads. Level of pollutants depends upon the traffic density, exposure time and occupation. These people include roadside operators, hawkers, policemen and drivers (Sehgal et al., 2014).
Report of World Bank in 2009 estimated that 1100 billion INR as the annual cost of environment damage by air pollution (World Health Organisation [WHO], 2013). There is an increase of 4% i.e. 3.5 Million death from 2005 to 2010.(United Nations Environment Programme [UNEP], 2014). Cardiovascular diseases are more pronounced due to air pollution (Brook et.al, 2004). World Health Organization Report in 2004 established the relationship between health effects and air pollution for those people living in close proximity to traffic.