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Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are infrastructure-less wireless networks where each mobile device is autonomous (Jayakumar & Gopinath, 2007). In this energy-constrained, dynamic, distributed multi-hop environment, the wireless devices need to organize themselves dynamically to provide the connectivity in the absence of fixed infrastructure.
Also, MANETs are characterized by a dynamic topology due to the mobile nature of the hosts, this random and unpredictable topology leads to frequent link failures. A link fails when the node moves out of the transmission range of its neighbor. Thus, many routing protocols were proposed to establish and maintain routes for mobile ad-hoc networks; all routing protocols are generally classified into three main categories:
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Proactive (table-driven) routing protocols: in this first type of protocol, the idea is that every node has to periodically exchange routing information with other nodes to keep its routing table updated and have the latest view of the network, even if these routes aren’t needed. DSDV and OLSR are examples of such protocols.
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Reactive (on-demand) routing protocols: in this type of protocol, routes are created only when required and the route remains valid till either the destination is reached or the route is no longer needed (Alsailm et al.,2014). Some of the existing on-demand routing protocols are DSR, TORA, and AODV.
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Hybrid routing protocols like ZRP combine both proactive and reactive methods, where each node has a predefined zone. Inside zones are for proactive routing and outside zones perform on-demand routing (Mishra et al.,2019).
Typically, reactive (on-demand) routing protocols are more suitable for MANETs (Taneja & Kush, 2010). Nevertheless, the nature of the MANET environment makes these conventional routing protocols unable to provide QoS (Xue & Ganz, 2003). QoS routing protocols are an inherent component of the QoS mechanism, as they are responsible for finding the nodes if any, that can meet the requirements of an application (Hanzo & Tafazolli, 2007). As a result, many algorithms are proposed to ensure QoS in ad hoc networks with several focusing on energy consumption, while others focus on route maintenance (Mohapatra et al., 2003), and propose optimal mechanisms with minimum overhead and delay.
Therefore, QoS-aware routing in MANETs is difficult, and predicting and repairing a broken link is a very challenging task. In this paper, the authors proposed an enhancement of the most popular and widely used MANET routing protocol, namely AODV to predict link failures and repair before the break occurs.
Our proposed method differs from previous methods in its efficiency, all metrics such as routing overhead, end-to-end delay, and dropped packets are significantly reduced.
The paper is structured as follows: the next section describes an overview of the AODV routing protocol. Section 3 provides related work. Section 4 presents our approach to maintaining routes. Section 5 discusses the simulation results and performance analysis of our contribution. And finally, the last section presents the conclusion and perspectives.