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A lithium-ion battery (LIB) is a type of rechargeable battery. It is main work to make lithium ion from the negative electrode into the positive one, while discharge and back. LIBs use an intercalated lithium compound as one electrode materials. There are three components of a lithium-ion battery: the positive and negative electrodes and electrolyte. The carbon is made of the negative electrode. A metal oxide is made of the positive one. In an organic solvent the electrolyte is a lithium salt. The electrochemical work plays a key role on a lithium-ion battery, such as reversing between anode and cathode based on the direction of current flow through the cell as a graph as the following Figure 1:
Figure 1. Lithium-ion battery rechargeable battery
LIBs are applied expensively in industry for electronics and it is used in hybrid electronic vehicles (HEVs), pure EVs, plug-in HEVs, smart grids as energy-storage devices, etc. It is a mainly enabling technology in advanced transportation. In the future, Lithium-ion batteries will bring industry revolution into new time. The data for this paper comes from experimental data of lithium-ion battery and ultracapacitor of the dynamic stress (DST) condition and the urban dynamometer driving schedule (UDDS) condition at room temperature from 16:44 through 15:58, August 20, 2016. The experiment recorded currents and voltages of the battery and ultracapacitor. 8081 observations for lithium-ion battery and ultracapacitor hybrids were tested. It reflected measure voltage, currents that loaded negative current as discharging and positive upon charging to analyze the dynamic changes of the LIBs and ultracapacitors so that got further possible prediction of state-of-energy. The propose is to analyze the performance and dynamic process of the LIBs and ultracapacitors and test DC power supply and electrical load functions for charging and discharging. The type of the LIB was IFP-1665130-10Ah (Wang et al., 2017).