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The endless technological advancements have presented a possible concept of modernization, IoT represents a booming globally built network of computing, where everything will be associated or linked to the Internet. IoT is a hot topic of research i.e. constantly evolving, where finite number of opportunities is present. Boundless imaginations in this research have resulted in a platform, where the reshaping of the present internet is done to integrate and modify diversion. The internet services availed by a number of devices is increasing rapidly day by day and such services are connected by wire or wireless system that results to keep strong informational source at our finger tips (Lee & JongHyup,2018; Beni G, & C. Seldev Christopher, 2018).
The methodology of sanctioning interaction among newly built intelligent machines represents an inventive technology but such kind of technologies associated with IoT are not new for us. IoT by its name, presents a methodology of converging the data resulted from distinct things to any of the virtually built platform on an already existing infrastructure of Internet.
The IoT concept was initialized in 1982 when a coke machine was modified and was linked to the Internet that reported the information about the drinks explaining that whether the drinks were hot, medium, or cold. Later, Mark Weiser (1991) represented a newly built vision of IoT in the form of fast computing. Bill Joy (1999), also provided a clue dealing with device to device based communication process in his internet-based taxonomy.
On the other hand, Kevin Ashton (1999) proposed the definition of “Internet of Things” in order to describe the interconnection of system devices. The main idea behind IoT is to allow self-governing exchange of fruitful information between embedded form of distinct specifically identifying practically built devices surrounding us, sustained by the outstanding technologies like and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) (Bera, Samaresh, SudipMisra, Sanku Kumar Roy & Mohammad S. Obaidat,2018) that sensed by sensor-based devices and is further processed for the purpose of decision making, and based on this an automatic action is usually performed (Lee &JongHyup, 2018 ; Ashton, Kevin,2019).
IOT is growing rapidly and will grow from 11 billion in 2011 to almost 48 billion in 2020 (Reed, D. A.Gannon, D.B. Larus & J.R, 2012). One of the most challenging part of IOT is the reducing energy consumption and delay in the delivery of packets (O. Iova, P. Picco, T. Istomin& C. Kiraly, 2016). The solution to the problem can be obtained by using different methods, optimization techniques and using the protocols. The RPL routing protocol is used in IOT especially for lossy and low power networks. In these particular networks the low power consumption is of main concern where nodes and routers are power constrained. These networks are usually consists of various small sensors and power constrained devices. This RPL routing is used with the GWO optimization technique which helps further in reducing the energy consumption and time delay during the routing of the data.
Vision of IoT
In year 2005, The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) reported about a rapidly increasing era of networking, where all the networks are linked/ associated with each other and everything will be considered as part of such huge kind of network. Imagine an individual performing an internet search for the lost watch in the house. So, this represents the main IoT based vision, an environment where the things can communicate and enables the process of talking and the processing of data is done to perform the required tasks with the help of machine learning processes. However, distinct organizations and people have different type of visions for IoT (Benkhelifa, Elhadj, Thomas Welsh, &Walaa Hamouda, 2018; Bera, Samaresh, SudipMisra, Sanku Kumar Roy & Mohammad S. Obaidat, 2018).
In an article that got published in Network World (Shen, Guicheng, &Bingwu Liu, 2011) has revealed that the strategies of IoT on the basis of top IT vendors, they usually carried out interviews from significant vendors of IT. Microsoft world does not think IoT as any modern concept or technology; they mainly believe that in the present scenario, it exists already as one of the strongest device and it just needs to be linked for a huge amount of information that could be very helpful.