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INTRODUCTION
Educational technology is characterised by continuous development of its innovations, and among the most important of these innovations is adaptive and intelligent e-learning, which is one of the modern educational methods that have emerged intending to create a distinct learning environment that meets the needs of each learner separately, according to their personality, interests and performance, in order to achieve the objectives, academic success, learner satisfaction and improve the learning process (Chang et al., 2022).
The learning challenge is not just to make resources available to all people, everywhere, at all times and in various formats, but also to deliver learning where, when and how it is needed. (Fischer, 2001; Chang, 2016)
Thus, researchers have placed more emphasis on distance education, and especially e-learning, to increase the performance and satisfaction of learners. (Almohammadi et al., 2017)
The main objective of this article is to put the work in its general context. First, the authors present the background and motivation for this topic. Then, the authors will define its aspects, approaches and the architecture on which any adaptive e-learning system is based, and discuss related work, as well as the proposed solution, its components and features.
BACKGROUND AND MOTIVATION
The e-learning system, which is an excellent product of modern information technology, is an important, effective way of implementing the computerisation of education. Many e-learning systems have been developed in recent years. However, most of them are not capable of organising, presenting, and retrieving learning material according to the needs, knowledge and learning abilities of each learner. To meet this requirement, an adaptive e-learning system is proposed. (Roy & Roy, 2011; Wang et al., 2010; Farid et al., 2018)
Research has been carried out on various modules of the adaptive e-learning system, such as the student model and various information retrieval techniques for the adaptive delivery of learning resources. The aim is to design and develop a system that provides a learner-centred adaptive learning experience.
The subject is certainly interesting because the system we are talking about can have a real added value in the education sector and its development prospects are enormous, especially with the constant progress of technology. (Roy & Roy, 2011; Wang et al., 2010; Chang, 2016
The aim is to provide educational resources considering the learner's requirements and ability to understand. Furthermore, the system offers the possibility to measure the effectiveness of the adaptive e-learning system based on artificial intelligence in developing cognitive and performance aspects of digital technology application skills in learners.
THE MAIN CONCEPTS OF ADAPTIVE LEARNING SYSTEMS
Learning
According to (Clark & Mayer, 2016), learning is about reinforcing correct answers and undermining the wrong ones. It is about building new knowledge in your mind. Also, it is making the material presented meaningful by focusing on the pertinent information, reorganising it mentally and relating it to what you know. Learning is the process of acquiring new knowledge, understanding, skills, behaviours, values, preferences and attitudes. It involves acquiring knowledge in many cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains.
E-Learning
According to (Sangrà et al., 2012), e-learning has been defined as learning that is made easier through the use of digital tools and content implying some type of interactivity, which may involve online interaction between the learner and their teacher or peers. E-learning is learning supported by digital electronic tools and media.
According to (Atc et al., 2022), e-learning is a model of education that promotes the availability of information through digital platforms or media, primarily using Internet technologies, to share academic content. In addition to creating and sharing content, they also provide the ability to monitor other academic areas and sources of student interaction.
Adaptive E-Learning