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Top1. Introduction
Vehicular Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the collection of networked objects such as physical/ virtual objects, including smart devices, that communicate over the public internet to gather, refine, process, and exchange meaningful information about vehicles in a group. These vehicles’ information is very sensitive (Bagga, 2021), and a group of sensors processes them without human intervention. In other words, A vehicular IoT network is defined as every vehicle of the vehicular network that consists of various kinds of sensors(Vijayakumar, 2015),(Huang, 2011), (Brummelen, 2018), (Ibáñez, 2018) such as GPS, RADAR, LIDAR, SONAR, IP Camera, and collection of these sensors making a wireless sensor network for the vehicular network and this is known as an onboard unit (OBU) for the inter-vehicle and intra-vehicle communication (Ibáñez, 2018), (Jawhar, 2010). OBU of the vehicle can send and receive information automatically without any human invention. In addition, these vehicles are equipped with high computation power such as high processing, communication capabilities, and increased data storage capabilities (Bulla, 2021), (Ali, 2021), (Singh, 2021). VIoT is an integrated network that assists with intelligent dynamic information services, traffic management, vehicle position, environmental condition, and driving assistance for autonomous vehicles. That type of system is known as a visionary or intelligent system (Liu, 2017), (Ajmal, 2021), (Alharbi, 2020), and such type of capabilities of a vehicle for transportation services is performed through Intelligent Transport System (ITS) in the VIoT network. These autonomous vehicles interact with various OBU and VIoT systems which exchange information through underpinning structure with the help of different communication protocols (Fritsche, 2008), (Rawat, 2020), (Sadio, 2017). Further, various sensors and mobility of a vehicle perform a task to gather real-time information and make decisions based on sensed data. This sensed data might help in decision-making for the various VIoT-associated communication network system (Bagga, 2021), (Manasrah, 2019), (Singh,2010), and they are given below-