A New MIM Directional Coupler With Twin Bands for Photonic ICs

1. Introduction

In the recent decades for processing of data the electronic equipment have developed in speed and bandwidth owing to scaling. New technology models (Thompson &Parthasarthy 2006) are necessary for continuous growth to reach the essential constraints based on quantum tunneling and heat dissipation issues. It is believed that a prominent solution is integrating photonic devices in silicon circuits (Soref 2006), this mechanism provides a larger bandwidth which is used to design new hybrid devices. Conversely, the main drawback with the use of electromagnetic waves in photonic integrated circuits is low level of integration and the size, which are much poorer in the modern electronic systems. This significance problem is due to light diffraction limit in the dielectric medium (Gramotnev&Bozhevolnyi 2010) that restricts light waves that are confined to nano scale regions much smaller than their wavelength. One approach of guiding of light at sub-wavelength is to use plasmonic waveguides that can attain a confinement of light at a sub-wavelength scale and greatly localized electromagnetic field strength. They furnish a specific promising mechanism to integrate electronic and photonic sub-wavelength devices. Several recent devices that use plasmonic elements, including modulators (Ayata et al., 2017), nanofocalizers (Lindquist et al., 2010) and hot-bearing devices (Cushing 2017) have been proposed and demonstrated. Previously, the volume of data generated worldwide has been increasing by more than 40% annually (Masakatsu et al., 2011) which is faster than Moore’s Law (Han 2010) for transistors on computing chips. Although solid state drive (SSD) technology has been increasing penetration into personal computing and high-performance applications, hard disk drives (HDDs) are still the dominant form of storage devices for large-scale storage in server farms (Jo et al., 2009). The storage density of hard disk drives is expected to double every two years owing to several major advances in data storage technology, including the perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR, i.e. the magnetization of each data bit is aligned vertically to the spinning disk) (Sharrok& Stubbs 1984), HAMR, bit patterned magnetic recording (BPMR, i.e. the magnetic bit is stored by a well-ordered array of lithographically patterned isolated magnetic islands) (Albrecht et al., 2015), heated-dot magnetic recording.

Modern communication systems are based on the ability to direct and transfer of data using electronic and electromagnetic signals. Lot of efforts over the past decade has been driven by the integration and size of electronic and photonic elements on the same chip (Zamek 2011). Conversely, the light diffraction limit is an essential barrier for the interconnection of waveguides on a micrometric scale with electronic devices on a nano scale. In large scale integration, as the distance between the integration waveguides is reduced the leads to increase cross communication among the waveguides.