Citizen's Acceptance of Electronic Services: A Qatari Perspective

Introduction

The wireless free internet park (iPark) concept was launched in 2007 by the government of Qatar under the banner of e-government to make public services more accessible to citizens. The iPark initiative is implemented in a number of public parks and provides free connection to the citizens’ Internet ready devices such as, laptop and PDA’s any time of day. The first such initiative launched in the Western Asia region. The primary goal of the initiative is to increase internet usage by establishing “hot spots” in public parks (IctQATAR, 2008). There are currently three designated wireless internet hotspots throughout selected public parks in the city (ibid). This paper explores citizens’ acceptance of the iPark concept as part of the e-government initiative in Qatar.

The Qatari E-government initiative was launched in 2000. In global terms the UN E-government readiness report (2008) ranked Qatar’s e-government project as number 53 worldwide. As in many countries, the national e-government focus in Qatar is to achieve the highest performance in executing governmental transactions electronically, through streamlined business processes and integrated information technology solutions (IctQATAR, 2008). Moreover, the Qatari government hopes that free internet access offered through the iPark concept will encourage more citizens to use e-government services and help bridge the digital divide.

The Internet while being the primary mode of access to e-government services has not been adapted globally at the same time or rate; some countries are considered as leaders (such as the US, UK and Singapore) and others simply follow (i.e. the Arabian Gulf region) (Gupta and Gupta, 2005). More recently, wireless technologies have become a useful means of internet connectivity and access to electronic services (e-services). Wi-Fi for ‘Wireless Fidelity’ is a set of standards for wireless local area networks (WLAN) and provides wireless access to the Internet (Lehr and McKnight, 2003). Hotspots providing such access include Wi-Fi-cafes where services may be free to customers. In fact, a hotspot need not be limited to a confined location; as illustrated in this paper, public parks can be used to offer free wireless internet access to citizens.

In particular, Wi-Fi has opened up new opportunities for electronic commerce (e-commerce) and e-government by allowing citizens to build connectivity 24/7. Moreover, it helps to increase accessibility of services and to expand social, government and business networks. The European Commission estimated Wi-Fi users to be around 125 million worldwide in the year 2006, and that there will be more than 500 million Wi-Fi users worldwide by 2009 (JiWire, 2006). However, wireless security remains mostly important factor that challenges wireless internet hot spots. As Wi-Fi grows the security threat also increases rapidly and therefore the need to protect information becomes imperative (Peikari and Fogie, 2003). The security risk remains largely from hackers, who are individuals, that access into the system without any authorization and for personal gain.

Given the above context, the rationale for this research is to gain a better understanding about the free wireless internet park “iPark” initiative in Qatar. Using a pilot survey questionnaire, this study aims to explore the intention of citizens to use iPark services in Qatar. This is achieved by examining their perceptions of ‘Ease of Use’ and ‘Usefulness’ in relation to internet access in the iPark. To pursue this line of inquiry, this research uses Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). UTAUT theorizes that an individual’s behavioural intention to use a technology is determined by performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions (Venkatesh et al., 2003).