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The ICT services and products can enable smart development opportunities for carbon emission reduction in business as, “ICT examines more than just the technological system, or just the social system, or even the two side by side; in addition it investigates the phenomena that emerge when the two interact” (Lee, 2009). Unhelkar (2010) defined “Green ICT as the conscious implementation of technologies, techniques and policies designed to reduce the carbon footprint of the IT function within the organization and the use of IT to reduce the carbon footprint of the whole organization.”
The formation of ERBS in this paper is to bring to the attention of the policy makers and decision makers that ICT; in particular Green ICT has an important role to play in stimulating green business goals and promoting sustainable development (T-Systems International GmbH, 2009; Street, 2007). Green business transformation of the current business is possible only if it is known where the possible carbon emissions occur throughout the processes and products in various sectors of the business (Steer, 2007). Green ICT and its services present opportunities to deliver low carbon footprints and mitigate carbon emissions because of the unique ability to make energy consumption and GHG emissions visible through its products and services (Unhelkar & Trivedi, 2009a; Murugesan, 2008b) (discussed later in this paper).