Pandian Vasant

Pandian VasantDr. Pandian Vasant is a senior lecturer at Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS in Malaysia. He holds PhD (UNEM, Costa Rica) in Computational Intelligence, MSc (UMS, Malaysia, Engineering Mathematics) and BSc (2nd Class Upper- Hons, UM, Malaysia) in Mathematics. His research interests include Soft Computing, Hybrid Optimization, Holistic Optimization, Innovative Computing and Applications. He has co-authored research papers and articles in national journals, international journals, conference proceedings, conference paper presentation, and special issues lead guest editor, lead guest editor for book chapters’ project, conference abstracts, edited books , keynote lecture and book chapters (175 publications indexed in SCOPUS). In the year 2009, Dr. Pandian Vasant was awarded top reviewer for the journal Applied Soft Computing (Elsevier) and awarded outstanding reviewer in the year 2015 for ASOC (Elsevier) journal. He has 26 years of working experience at the various universities from 1989-2017. Currently he is Editor-in-Chief of IJCO, IJSIEC, IEM, IJEOE and Editor of GJTO. H-Index SCOPUS Citations = 36, H-Index Google Scholar = 26, i-10 index = 76

Publications

Operational Research for Renewable Energy and Sustainable Environments
Joshua Thomas, Gerhard Wilhelm Weber, Roman Rodríguez Aguilar, Elias Munapo, Pandian Vasant. © 2024. 350 pages.
The application of contemporary and emerging operational research optimization methods in renewable energy is vital to creating and maintaining sustainable environments across...
Human Agro-Energy Optimization for Business and Industry
Pandian Vasant, Roman Rodríguez-Aguilar, Igor Litvinchev, Jose Antonio Marmolejo-Saucedo. © 2023. 322 pages.
In the current era, there are many environmental and energy challenges facing the agricultural sector, which negatively impact the climate, business, industry, and society....
Smart Cities and Machine Learning in Urban Health
J. Joshua Thomas, Vasiliki Geropanta, Anna Karagianni, Vladimir Panchenko, Pandian Vasant. © 2022. 269 pages.
The perception of smart cities encompasses a strategy that uses different types of technologies, artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning and in which, through the...
Research Advancements in Smart Technology, Optimization, and Renewable Energy
Pandian Vasant, Gerhard Weber, Wonsiri Punurai. © 2021. 407 pages.
As environmental issues remain at the forefront of energy research, renewable energy is now an all-important field of study. And as smart technology continues to grow and be...
Extreme Value Metaheuristics and Coupled Mapped Lattice Approaches for Gas Turbine-Absorption Chiller Optimization
Timothy Ganesan, Pandian Vasant, Igor Litvinchev, Mohd Shiraz Aris. © 2021. 30 pages.
The increasing complexity of engineering systems has spurred the development of highly efficient optimization techniques. This chapter focuses on two novel optimization...
Quantum-Behaved Bat Algorithm for Solving the Economic Load Dispatch Problem Considering a Valve-Point Effect
Pandian Vasant, Fahad Parvez Mahdi, Jose Antonio Marmolejo-Saucedo, Igor Litvinchev, Roman Rodriguez Aguilar, Junzo Watada. © 2021. 18 pages.
Quantum computing-inspired metaheuristic algorithms have emerged as a powerful computational tool to solve nonlinear optimization problems. In this paper, a quantum-behaved bat...
Preface
Valeriy Kharchenko, Pandian Vasant. © 2020. 8 pages.
This Preface is included in the book Handbook of Research on Energy-Saving Technologies for Environmentally-Friendly Agricultural Development.
Deep Learning Techniques and Optimization Strategies in Big Data Analytics
J. Joshua Thomas, Pinar Karagoz, B. Bazeer Ahamed, Pandian Vasant. © 2020. 355 pages.
Many approaches have sprouted from artificial intelligence (AI) and produced major breakthroughs in the computer science and engineering industries. Deep learning is a method...
Preface
Valeriy Kharchenko, Pandian Vasant. © 2020. 7 pages.
This Preface is included in the book Handbook of Research on Smart Computing for Renewable Energy and Agro-Engineering.
Foreword
Pandian Vasant. © 2020. 4 pages.
This Foreword is included in the book Multi-Objective Optimization of Industrial Power Generation Systems: Emerging Research and Opportunities.
Lévy-Enhanced Swarm Intelligence for Optimizing a Multiobjective Biofuel Supply Chain
T. Ganesan, Pandian Vasant. © 2020. 23 pages.
Engineering systems are currently plagued by various complexities and uncertainties. Metaheuristics have emerged as an essential tool for effective engineering design and...
A Survey of Nature-Inspired Algorithms With Application to Well Placement Optimization
Jahedul Islam, Pandian M. Vasant, Berihun Mamo Negash, Moacyr Bartholomeu Laruccia, Myo Myint. © 2020. 14 pages.
Well placement optimization is one of the major challenging factors in the field development process in the oil and gas industry. This chapter aims to survey prominent...
Artificial Intelligence Approach for Predicting TOC From Well Logs in Shale Reservoirs: A Review
Md. Shokor A. Rahaman, Pandian Vasant. © 2020. 32 pages.
Total organic carbon (TOC) is the most significant factor for shale oil and gas exploration and development which can be used to evaluate the hydrocarbon generation potential of...
Multiobjective Optimization of a Biofuel Supply Chain Using Random Matrix Generators
Timothy Ganesan, Pandian Vasant, Igor Litvinchev. © 2020. 27 pages.
As industrial systems become more complex, various complexities and uncertainties come into play. Metaheuristic-type optimization techniques have become crucial for effective...
Review on Particle Swarm Optimization Approach for Optimizing Wellbore Trajectory
Kallol Biswas, Pandian M. Vasant, Moacyr Batholomeu Laruccia, José Antonio Gámez Vintaned, Myo M. Myint. © 2020. 18 pages.
Due to a variety of possible good types and so many complex drilling variables and constraints, optimization of the trajectory of a complex wellbore is very challenging. There...
Hybrid Particle Swarm and Gravitational Search Optimization Techniques for Charging Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Imran Rahman, Pandian Vasant, Balbir Singh Mahinder Singh, M. Abdullah-Al-Wadud. © 2020. 34 pages.
Electrification of Transportation has undergone major modifications since the last decade. Success of combining smart grid technology and renewable energy exclusively depends...
Handbook of Research on Smart Technology Models for Business and Industry
J. Joshua Thomas, Ugo Fiore, Gilberto Perez Lechuga, Valeriy Kharchenko, Pandian Vasant. © 2020. 491 pages.
Advances in machine learning techniques and ever-increasing computing power has helped create a new generation of hardware and software technologies with practical applications...
Robotic Assistive System: Development of a Model based on Artificial Intelligent Technique
Ku Nurhanim Ku Abdul Rahim, I. Elamvazuthi, P. Vasant, T. Ganesan. © 2020. 33 pages.
Stroke is the leading cause of disability that influences the quality of people's daily life. As such, an effective method is required for post-stroke rehabilitation....
Quantum-Inspired Computational Intelligence for Economic Emission Dispatch Problem
Fahad Parvez Mahdi, Pandian Vasant, Vish Kallimani, M. Abdullah-Al-Wadud, Junzo Watada. © 2020. 24 pages.
Economic emission dispatch (EED) problems are one of the most crucial problems in power systems. Growing energy demand, limited reserves of fossil fuel and global warming make...
Quantum-Behaved Bat Algorithm for Solving the Economic Load Dispatch Problem Considering a Valve-Point Effect
Pandian Vasant, Fahad Parvez Mahdi, Jose Antonio Marmolejo-Saucedo, Igor Litvinchev, Roman Rodriguez Aguilar, Junzo Watada. © 2020. 17 pages.
Quantum computing-inspired metaheuristic algorithms have emerged as a powerful computational tool to solve nonlinear optimization problems. In this paper, a quantum-behaved bat...
A Hybrid Differential Evolution and Harmony Search for Optimal Power Flow With FACTS Devices
Luong Dinh Le, Dieu Ngoc Vo, Sy T. Huynh, Tuan Minh Nguyen-Hoang, Pandian Vasant. © 2020. 27 pages.
This paper proposes a hybrid differential evolution (DE) and harmony search (HS) for solving optimal power flow (OPF) problem with FACTS devices including static Var compensator...
Development of DNN Model for Predicting Surge Pressure Gradient During Tripping Operations
Shwetank Krishna, Syahrir Ridha, Pandian Vasant. © 2020. 22 pages.
Application of machine learning tools in drilling hydrocarbon well is still exploratory in its stage. This chapter presents a brief review of various applied research in drilling...
Meta-Heuristic Approaches for the Optimization of Hydropower Energy: A Review
Abdus Samad Azad, Pandian Vasant, Junzo Watada, Rajalingam Al Sokkalingam. © 2020. 25 pages.
The concept of a multireservoir systems in hydropower introduces the function of multiple units simultaneously to reach the peak requirements. The reservoir optimized operation...
Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization Techniques in Supply Chain Design Problems: A Survey
Md. Ashikur Rahman, Pandian M. Vasant, Junzo Watada, Rajalingam Al Sokkalingam. © 2020. 14 pages.
Metaheuristics has become a top research area. Numerous optimization problems have been solved by metaheuristics as they showed comprehensive improvements to solve these...
Advanced Agro-Engineering Technologies for Rural Business Development
Valeriy Kharchenko, Pandian Vasant. © 2019. 484 pages.
Developing countries need access to the technological advancements of the modern world in order to apply these advancements to their small-scale operations. Applying newly...
Preface
Valeriy Kharchenko, Pandian Vasant. © 2019. 6 pages.
This Preface is included in the book Renewable Energy and Power Supply Challenges for Rural Regions.
Materials and Methods of Thermal Energy Storage in Power Supply Systems
Baba Dzhabrailovich Babaev, Valeriy Kharchenko, Vladimir Panchenko, Pandian Vasant. © 2019. 21 pages.
The chapter considers the factors that affect the incomplete use of power. The analysis and systematization of accumulating systems on the types of accumulated energy, on the...
A General Medical Diagnosis System Formed by Artificial Neural Networks and Swarm Intelligence Techniques
Pandian Vasant. © 2019. 16 pages.
One of the most popular applications of artificial intelligence within the medical field is developing medical diagnosis systems. Because artificial-intelligence-based techniques...
Handbook of Research on Emergent Applications of Optimization Algorithms
Pandian Vasant, Sirma Zeynep Alparslan-Gok, Gerhard-Wilhelm Weber. © 2018. 812 pages.
Modern optimization approaches have attracted an increasing number of scientists, decision makers, and researchers. As new issues in this field emerge, different optimization...
Handbook of Research on Renewable Energy and Electric Resources for Sustainable Rural Development
Valeriy Kharchenko, Pandian Vasant. © 2018. 672 pages.
This title is an IGI Global Core Reference for 2019 as it is one of the best-selling reference books of 2018 within the Environmental, Agricultural, and Physical Sciences subject...
A Bertrand Game-Based Approach to Hotel Yield Management Strategies
Junzo Watada, Koki Yoshimura, Pandian Vasant. © 2018. 37 pages.
This chapter examines hotel yield management from a game perspective using a duopoly situation of two hotels. The hotel yield management determines strategies by considering the...
Swarm-Intelligence-Based Optimal Placement and Sizing of Distributed Generation in Distribution Network: Swarm-Intelligence-Based Distributed Generation
Mahesh Kumar, Perumal Nallagownden, Irraivan Elamvazuthi, Pandian Vasant, Luqman Hakim Rahman. © 2018. 20 pages.
In the distribution system, distributed generation (DG) are getting more important because of the electricity demands, fossil fuel depletion and environment concerns. The...
Modern Optimization Algorithms and Applications in Solar Photovoltaic Engineering
Igor Tyukhov, Hegazy Rezk, Pandian Vasant. © 2018. 55 pages.
This chapter is devoted to main tendencies of optimization in photovoltaic (PV) engineering showing the main trends in modern energy transition - the changes in the composition...
Optimal Placement and Sizing of Distributed Generation in Distribution System Using Modified Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm: Swarm-Intelligence-Based Distributed Generation
Mahesh Kumar, Perumal Nallagownden, Irraivan Elamvazuthi, Pandian Vasant. © 2018. 23 pages.
The electricity demand, fossil fuel depletion and environment issues increase the interest of power engineers to integrate small power generations i.e. called distributed...
An Overview of Electric Vehicle Technology: A Vision Towards Sustainable Transportation
Nadia Adnan, Shahrina Md Nordin, Imran Rahman, Pandian Vasant, Muhammad Amir Noor. © 2018. 18 pages.
Modern studies on green technologies for transportation sector are attaining attraction among the research communities from diverse parts. We learn the significance of plug-in...
Extreme Value Metaheuristics for Optimizing a Many-Objective Gas Turbine System
T. Ganesan, Mohd Shiraz Aris, Pandian Vasant. © 2018. 21 pages.
The increasing complexity of engineering systems has spurred the development of highly efficient optimization techniques. Stochastic engines or random number generators are...
Cogenerative PV Thermal Modules of Different Design for Autonomous Heat and Electricity Supply
Valeriy Kharchenko, Vladimir Panchenko, Pavel V. Tikhonov, Pandian Vasant. © 2018. 34 pages.
Solar energy is used for electricity production by means of photovoltaic modules and for heat supply by means of solar water-heating collectors. In recent years, combined...
A General Medical Diagnosis System Formed by Artificial Neural Networks and Swarm Intelligence Techniques
Pandian Vasant. © 2018. 16 pages.
One of the most popular applications of artificial intelligence within the medical field is developing medical diagnosis systems. Because artificial-intelligence-based techniques...
Handbook of Research on Holistic Optimization Techniques in the Hospitality, Tourism, and Travel Industry
Pandian Vasant, Kalaivanthan M.. © 2017. 515 pages.
The application of holistic optimization methods in the tourism, travel, and hospitality industry has improved customer service and business strategies within the field. By...
A Bertrand Game-Based Approach to Hotel Yield Management Strategies
Junzo Watada, Koki Yoshimura, Pandian Vasant. © 2017. 40 pages.
This chapter examines hotel yield management from a game perspective using a duopoly situation of two hotels. The hotel yield management determines strategies by considering the...
Multiobjective Optimization of Solar-Powered Irrigation System with Fuzzy Type-2 Noise Modelling
T. Ganesan, Pandian Vasant, I. Elamvazuthi. © 2017. 26 pages.
Design optimization has been commonly practiced for many years across various engineering disciplines. Optimization per se is becoming a crucial element in industrial...
An Integrative Approach to Study on Consumer Behavior towards Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles Revolution: Consumer Behavior towards Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Nadia Adnan, Shahrina Md Nordin, Imran Rahman, Pandian Vasant, Muhammad Amir Noor. © 2017. 31 pages.
Transport electrification has experienced major deviations for the last few decades. Current investigation towards the implication of green technologies to decrease pollution and...
An Overview of Electric Vehicle Technology: A Vision Towards Sustainable Transportation
Nadia Adnan, Shahrina Md Nordin, Imran Rahman, Pandian Vasant, Muhammad Amir Noor. © 2017. 23 pages.
Modern studies on green technologies for transportation sector are attaining attraction among the research communities from diverse parts. We learn the significance of plug-in...
Quantum-Inspired Computational Intelligence for Economic Emission Dispatch Problem
Fahad Parvez Mahdi, Pandian Vasant, Vish Kallimani, M. Abdullah-Al-Wadud, Junzo Watada. © 2017. 24 pages.
Economic emission dispatch (EED) problems are one of the most crucial problems in power systems. Growing energy demand, limited reserves of fossil fuel and global warming make...
Symbiotic Organism Search Algorithm for Optimal Size and Siting of Distributed Generators in Distribution Systems
Tri Phuoc Nguyen, Vo Ngoc Dieu, Pandian Vasant. © 2017. 28 pages.
This paper presents a new approach for solving optimal placement of distributed generation (OPDG) problem in distribution systems for minimizing active power loss. In this...
Handbook of Research on Modern Optimization Algorithms and Applications in Engineering and Economics
Pandian Vasant, Gerhard-Wilhelm Weber, Vo Ngoc Dieu. © 2016. 960 pages.
Modern optimization approaches have attracted many research scientists, decision makers and practicing researchers in recent years as powerful intelligent computational...
Preface
Pandian Vasant, Nikolai Voropai. © 2016. 4 pages.
This Preface is included in the book Sustaining Power Resources through Energy Optimization and Engineering.
Modern Optimization Algorithms and Applications in Solar Photovoltaic Engineering
Igor Tyukhov, Hegazy Rezk, Pandian Vasant. © 2016. 56 pages.
This chapter is devoted to main tendencies of optimization in photovoltaic (PV) engineering showing the main trends in modern energy transition - the changes in the composition...
Hybrid Particle Swarm and Gravitational Search Optimization Techniques for Charging Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Imran Rahman, Pandian Vasant, Balbir Singh Mahinder Singh, M. Abdullah-Al-Wadud. © 2016. 34 pages.
Electrification of Transportation has undergone major modifications since the last decade. Success of combining smart grid technology and renewable energy exclusively depends...
Swarm Intelligence for Multiobjective Optimization of Extraction Process
T. Ganesan, I. Elamvazuthi, P. Vasant. © 2016. 29 pages.
Multi objective (MO) optimization is an emerging field which is increasingly being implemented in many industries globally. In this work, the MO optimization of the extraction...
Robotic Assistive System: Development of a Model based on Artificial Intelligent Technique
Ku Nurhanim Ku Abdul Rahim, I. Elamvazuthi, P. Vasant, T. Ganesan. © 2016. 34 pages.
Stroke is the leading cause of disability that influences the quality of people's daily life. As such, an effective method is required for post-stroke rehabilitation....
Foreword
Gerhard-Wilhelm Weber, Pandian Vasant. © 2015. 2 pages.
This Foreword is included in the book Artificial Intelligence Applications in Distance Education.
Handbook of Research on Artificial Intelligence Techniques and Algorithms
Pandian Vasant. © 2015. 796 pages.
For decades, optimization methods such as Fuzzy Logic, Artificial Neural Networks, Firefly, Simulated annealing, and Tabu search, have been capable of handling and tackling a...
Swarm Intelligence-Based Optimization for PHEV Charging Stations
Imran Rahman, Pandian Vasant, Balbir Singh Mahinder Singh, M. Abdullah-Al-Wadud. © 2015. 32 pages.
In this chapter, Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique were applied for intelligent allocation of energy to the Plug-in Hybrid...
Handbook of Research on Novel Soft Computing Intelligent Algorithms: Theory and Practical Applications
Pandian M. Vasant. © 2014. 1018 pages.
As technologies grow more complex, modeling and simulation of new intelligent systems becomes increasingly challenging and nuanced; specifically in diverse fields such as...
Hybrid Optimization Techniques for Industrial Production Planning: A Review
P. Vasant. © 2014. 28 pages.
This chapter provides a review of new hybrid methods that deal with the continuous local and global optimization problems for constrained industrial production planning problems....
Meta-Heuristic Structure for Multiobjective Optimization Case Study: Green Sand Mould System
T. Ganesan, I. Elamvazuthi, K. Z. KuShaari, P. Vasant. © 2014. 21 pages.
In engineering optimization, one often encounters scenarios that are multiobjective (MO) where each of the objectives covers different aspects of the problem. It is hence...
Hybrid Evolutionary Optimization Algorithms: A Case Study in Manufacturing Industry
Pandian Vasant. © 2014. 37 pages.
The novel industrial manufacturing sector inevitably faces problems of uncertainty in various aspects such as raw material availability, human resource availability, processing...
Multiobjective Optimization of Bioethanol Production via Hydrolysis Using Hopfield-Enhanced Differential Evolution
T. Ganesan, I. Elamvazuthi, K. Z. K. Shaari, P. Vasant. © 2014. 20 pages.
Many industrial problems in process optimization are Multi-Objective (MO), where each of the objectives represents different facets of the issue. Thus, having in hand multiple...
Hybrid Line Search and Simulated Annealing For Production Planning System in Industrial Engineering
P. Vasant. © 2014. 13 pages.
In this paper, the details on the optimization methods such as line search and simulated annealing for the local and global optimization have been highlighted. The hybrid line...
Meta-Heuristics Optimization Algorithms in Engineering, Business, Economics, and Finance
Pandian M. Vasant. © 2013. 734 pages.
Optimization techniques have developed into a significant area concerning industrial, economics, business, and financial systems. With the development of engineering and...
Integration of Fuzzy Logic Techniques into DSS for Profitability Quantification in a Manufacturing Environment
Irraivan Elamvazuthi, Pandian Vasant, Timothy Ganesan. © 2013. 20 pages.
Production control, planning, and scheduling are forms of decision making, which play a crucial role in manufacturing industries. In the current competitive environment...
Hybrid Linear Search, Genetic Algorithms, and Simulated Annealing for Fuzzy Non-Linear Industrial Production Planning Problems
P. Vasant. © 2013. 23 pages.
This chapter outlines an introduction to real-world industrial problem for product-mix selection involving eight variables and twenty one constraints with fuzzy technological...
Hybrid Optimization Techniques for Industrial Production Planning
Pandian Vasant. © 2013. 28 pages.
In this chapter, the main significant contributions of a new non-linear membership function using fuzzy approach to capture and describe vagueness in the technological...
International Journal of Energy Optimization and Engineering (IJEOE)
Jose Marmolejo-Saucedo, Gerhard-Wilhelm Weber, Pandian Vasant. Est. 2012.
The International Journal of Energy Optimization and Engineering (IJEOE) publishes global research in the areas of energy optimization and engineering. This journal provides...
Innovation in Power, Control, and Optimization: Emerging Energy Technologies
Pandian Vasant, Nadar Barsoum, Jeffrey Webb. © 2012. 396 pages.
Developing a system that can cope with variations of system or control parameters, measurement uncertainty, and complex, multi-objective optimization criteria is a frequent...
Solving Fuzzy Optimization Problems of Uncertain Technological Coefficients with Genetic Algorithms and Hybrid Genetic Algorithms Pattern Search Approaches
Pandian Vasant. © 2012. 25 pages.
In this chapter a solution is proposed to a certain nonlinear programming difficulties related to the presence of uncertain technological coefficients represented by vague...
Innovative Hybrid Genetic Algorithms and Line Search Method for Industrial Production Management
Pandian Vasant. © 2012. 18 pages.
Many engineering, science, information technology and management optimization problems can be considered as non linear programming real world problems where the all or some of...
Hybrid Tabu Search Hopfield Recurrent ANN Fuzzy Technique to the Production Planning Problems: A Case Study of Crude Oil in Refinery Industry
Pandian M. Vasant, Timothy Ganesan, Irraivan Elamvazuthi. © 2012. 19 pages.
The fuzzy technology reveals that everything is a matter of degree. At the moment, many industrial production problems are solved by operational research optimization techniques...
Novel Meta-Heuristic Optimization Techniques for Solving Fuzzy Programming Problems
Pandian Vasant. © 2012. 28 pages.
In this chapter, three meta-heuristic optimization techniques have been utilized to solve the fuzzy programming problems in industrial production systems. This chapter outlines...
Integration of Fuzzy Logic Techniques into DSS for Profitability Quantification in a Manufacturing Environment
Irraivan Elamvazuthi, Pandian Vasant, Timothy Ganesan. © 2012. 22 pages.
Production control, planning, and scheduling are forms of decision making, which play a crucial role in manufacturing industries. In the current competitive environment...
Innovative Hybrid Genetic Algorithms and Line Search Method for Industrial Production Management
Pandian M. Vasant. © 2010. 19 pages.
Many engineering, science, information technology and management optimization problems can be considered as non linear programming real world problems where the all or some of...
Application of Fuzzy Optimization in Forecasting and Planning of Construction Industry
P. Vasant, N. Barsoum, C. Kahraman, G.M Dimirovski. © 2008. 12 pages.
This chapter proposes a new method to obtain optimal solution using satisfactory approach in uncertain environment. The optimal solution is obtained by using possibilistic linear...
Introduction to Fuzzy Logic and Fuzzy Linear Programming
Pandian Vasant, Hrishikesh S. Kale. © 2008. 15 pages.
Fuzzy logic (FL) is a mathematical technique for dealing with imprecise data and problems that have many solutions rather than one. Although it is implemented in digital...
Simulating Theory-of Constraint Problem with Novel Fuzzy Compromise Linear Programming Model
Arijit Bhattacharya, Pandian Vasant, Sani Susanto. © 2008. 30 pages.
This chapter demonstrates development of a novel compromise linear programming having fuzzy resources (CLPFR) model as well as its simulation for a theory-of-constraints’ (TOC)...