Adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) around the world and its impact on organisations and societies is enormous. AI adoption rate varies across geographies, industries, and organisations. Larger organisations are highly likely to have actively deployed AI in their business operations, compared to smaller organisations which are either exploring or not considering AI at all at this stage. Approximately 34% organisations across the globe now are using AI, whereas 42% organisations are exploring AI for their business operations. Yet AI is a highly debated issue in the society due to uncertainty of its role, use and implication for the society in the future.

AI is playing a crucial role in addressing widespread skills and labour shortages affecting the most industries around world. Organisations are also seeking help from AI to improve their recruitment and retention policies, which can help acquiring more diverse and empowered workforce equipped with innovative skills and training. New AI technology enables software and tools helping organisations to save time, particularly in the business areas where skills shortages exist. One in three (35%) organisations, particularly the large organizations, are claiming that they are reskilling their workers to effectively work with advanced AI and the software and tools used for automation. Most of the organisations are also adopting AI to improve productivity of customer service officers, offer a better personalized experience for their customers and employees, and streamline processes pertaining find information and address frequently asked questions by workers and consumers. Reportedly, 98% of Chinese companies are using AI to enhance customer care, improved productivity of customer service agent, reorganise processes used by workers and customers to locate information and personalised customer and employee experience. Countries like the US, the UK, Australia and Canada are most likely not using AI for customer care yet. Automotive industry is particularly using AI to provide a better personalized experience to their customers and employees. Most of the companies in the chemicals, oil and gas industries, and in the utility and environmental industry are actively using AI to provide personalised customer and worker experience. A major driver of AI adoption is accessibility which is making the implementation of AI in organisations easier. Most of the companies are exploring or deploying AI to automate but what exactly needs to be automated varies among industries. Therefore, organisations are actively investing in exploring AI and its future application. Larger organisations are investing more into embedding AI into their existing applications and processes whereas smaller organisations are mostly investing in research and development. In addition to economy, AI is affecting societies in a number of areas such as politics, national security, and culture. Challenges can be divided into two categories, 1) technical, finding effective solutions to human interaction, addressing trust, safety and security issues and 2) moral and ethical issues pertaining to privacy, fairness, justice, discrimination, bias, deskilling, surveillance, and many other prickly issues associated to labor, workforce and consumers.

As AI technology continues to exert a great impact on organisations and societies, the issue of trust in AI has also been increasingly gaining importance. Most of the organizations which are using or planning to use AI technology are giving importance to trustworthiness however they have not taken effective measures to preserve consumer trust, such as they did not establish any protocols to identify and eliminate bias. Consumers, around the world, perceive trustworthiness of AI differently. While consumers in India and Latin America are most likely to prefer services from companies that are transparent and follow an ethical framework in how data and AI models are developed, managed and used, compared to other countries like France, Germany and South Korea. Most of the organisations greatly support establishing consumer trust in their processes of developing and using AI technologies, however only some organisations are able to codify these principles as part of their official rules and policies. Ethics to AI is relatively a new perspective and organisations are acknowledging lack of skills and training hindering to manage this aspect of AI. Future of AI cannot be determined, and it can be developed in surprizing directions. Its future is dependent on a variety of things, including technological and policy decisions made by organisations today. For a better future of AI deployments, organisations need to develop noble policies. It is therefore, essential for researchers, academics, practitioners and even common public to have an insights of the development of AI and its impact on the society. This edited book intends to present an investigation into the AI adoption in various functions of the organisations across industries around the world and how organisations are responding ethical and technical challenges associated to this adoption.

This book is expected to attract AI researchers from various industries to present their research findings, opinions, and other artifacts explaining the impact of this disruptive technology on our personal and professional lives and what are its positive and negative impacts on our societies and how AI would unfold future of our planet.

This book is expected to address social, political, ethical, technical and many other challenges surfacing due to wide spread of AI adoption impacting societies facing the new challenges of AI adoption and how they can proactively overcome the challenges. It is one of first edited book will be covering AI adoption related challenges, impacts and effects in detail for both social and professional communities. Audience: Target audience of this book are leaders, managers, executives of organisations who are keen to develop a holistic picture of the AI adoption situation. It is vital for academicians, researchers, and students from all disciplines, to learn and teach future technology and prepare graduates for seamless transition into industries. In addition, investors, economic analysts, policymakers, human resource managers, and other industry professionals eager to develop understanding on most recent deployment of AI projects and to adopt the ideas into their practice.

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Editor/Author Biographies

Dr. Ezaz Ahmed is a Professor of Business and Dean of Columbia College's Division of Business, Leadership, and Communication in South Carolina, United States. As a Senior Certified Professional (SCP) accredited by the Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM) and a professional certified member (CAHRI) of the Australian Human Resources Institute (AHRI), Dr. Ahmed possesses extensive expertise in Human Resources and Business disciplines as an academic and researcher. Dr. Ahmed has been a member of the Australian HR Institute's inaugural Research Advisory Panel and chaired the Organizational Behavior stream at the Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management (ANZAM). Before joining Columbia College, Dr. Ahmed held the positions of MBA Program Director and Head of Undergraduate and Graduate Business Programs at Flinders University and Central Queensland University in Australia. Having spent over a decade in Australia as an academic leader, he received the Central Queensland University's Students' Voice Awards for On-Campus and Distance Educator of the Year. Dr. Ahmed has effectively led teams in curriculum evaluation, academic strategy formulation, and accreditation process coordination. He has served as both the chair and a member of various prestigious academic advisory panels and discipline streams within higher education and professional institutions. In recent years, Dr. Ahmed's research has concentrated on artificial intelligence in higher education, employee psychological contracts, leadership, the influence of information and communication technology (ICT), the integration of skilled migrants in regional areas, and the development of inclusive employment possibilities for disabled employees. His involvement spans international, national, and industry-based research projects and grants.

Dr. Abdul Babar is currently holding the position of associate lecturer at Business School, Western Sydney University. He earned his PhD from University of Technology Sydney in 2014. Dr Babar has a track record in the area of strategic business analysis and over the years he has particularly focused on business analytics and more recently on AI in his teaching and research. Backed by strong industry background in business analysis, Dr Babar has published his practice-oriented research, conducted in collaboration with local and international practitioners and academics, in high quality journals such as (Communication for AIS) and conferences (ICIS, ACIS and PACIS) during and after his PhD accompanied by teaching and research awards.

Ataus Samad is an academic at the Western Sydney University, School of Business. His research interest is leadership and settlement of migrants in regional areas. He published his research findings in reputed peer-reviewed journals besides presenting his research findings at national and international conferences. His publications have been cited in reputed journals, books, conference papers and dissertations by academics from Asia, the Pacific, Europe, North America, Africa and the Middle East. Besides publishing in high-quality peer-reviewed journals, Dr. Samad published two research reports on sustainable employment and settlement of migrants in regional Australia. He also presented his views on contemporary issues in the mainstream media such as the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) Television, ABC Radio, newspapers in Australia and online media. Dr. Samad was a reviewer for several peer reviewed journals and the Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management (ANZAM) conference. Dr. Ataus Samad is a member of recognized professional bodies such as the AACSB (Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business), ANZAM and Western Sydney University Humanitarian and Development Research Initiative (HADRI). Besides his role as an academic, Dr. Samad was a member of the Advisory Panel for the Queensland Government’s Minister for Multicultural Affairs (2016-2018) and an advisory panel member and Acting Chair of a not-for-profit organisation Regional Opportunities Australia (ROA, 2018-2020). Currently, he is a member of the Ethnic Communities of New South Wales. He has proven professional experience in leadership roles in multi-disciplinary organisations including the Defence Force and the United Nations (UN).

Dr. Rubina Ahmed, with over 20 years of academic experience spanning the USA, Australia, and Asia, is currently a Management Academic at Charles Sturt University, Australia. She holds a PhD in Management from the University of South Australia, where she was awarded the Endeavour International Postgraduate Research Scholarship. Additionally, Dr. Ahmed is a recipient of the prestigious US Fulbright Scholarship and holds an MBA from Southern Illinois University, Carbondale. Throughout her career, Dr. Ahmed has accumulated a wealth of teaching experience, continually adapting her methodologies to meet the needs of a diverse student population and evolving educational standards. Her practical experience is complemented by a previous role as Assistant Coordinator in the Human Resources Department of a microfinance organization, where she skillfully merged hands-on HR management with academic research. Dr. Ahmed's research interests are broad and include generational studies in the workplace, employability factors, cultural contexts, leadership dynamics, and the integration of artificial intelligence in higher education. She is dedicated to fostering an interactive, multicultural learning environment that emphasizes both academic rigor and relevance. By integrating her extensive research with a solid theoretical foundation, Dr. Ahmed offers her students a comprehensive and enriching educational journey, ensuring that learning is both meaningful and applicable.

Ghassan Beydoun received the degree in computer science and the Ph.D. degree in knowledge systems from the University of New South Wales. He is currently a Professor of information systems with the School of Computer Science, University of Technology Sydney. He has authored more than 200 papers in international journals and conferences. His research projects are sponsored by the Australian Research Council, the NSW State Government, and the private sector. He investigates the best uses of models in developing methodologies for distributed intelligent systems. His other research interests include cloud adoption, disaster management, decisions support systems, and their applications.

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